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目的了解医护学生对HIV感染者/艾滋病患者(PLWHA)就医歧视现状,分析影响就医歧视的因素。方法调查南通大学临床及护理14个班级的449名医护学生,采用自我编制的问卷匿名调查医护学生对PLWHA就医歧视现状及相关影响因素。结果医护学生对PLWHA就医歧视七个领域得分为:特殊标记(9.89±2.15)分、过度防护(9.34±1.48)分、区别治疗(8.72±1.65)分、强制通知(8.30±1.98)分、强制检测(7.84±1.89)分、刻意保持距离(6.98±1.98)分、拒绝提供医护服务(5.72±1.55)分。医护学生对PLWHA就医歧视与年龄、性别、专业、年级、来自省份、有在医疗机构的实习经历、参加过艾滋病相关培训、亲朋中有医务人员、传播知识得分、医务恐惧程度、对待同事患者的态度、污名化程度及就医权利认识13个因素有关(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论医护学生对PLWHA的就医方面存在不同程度的歧视,医务恐惧、污名化和对待同事患者的态度是影响医护学生对PLWHA就医歧视的主要因素。
Objective To understand the status quo of healthcare discrimination against PLWHA among medical students and analyze the factors that affect medical discrimination. Methods A total of 449 medical students in 14 classes of clinical and nursing care in Nantong University were investigated. Self-made questionnaires were used to anonymously investigate the current status of medical discrimination against PLWHA and related influencing factors. Results The score of medical students on PLWHA for medical discrimination in seven areas was: special marker (9.89 ± 2.15) points, overprotection (9.34 ± 1.48) points, difference treatment (8.72 ± 1.65) points, compulsory notice (8.30 ± 1.98) points, Test (7.84 ± 1.89) points, deliberately keep the distance (6.98 ± 1.98) points, refused to provide medical services (5.72 ± 1.55) points. PLWHA Medical Care Discrimination against PLWHA Patients with Age, Sex, Professional, Grade, Provinces, Internship Experience at Medical Institutions, HIV / AIDS Related Training, Relatives with Medical Staff, Spread Knowledge Scores, Medical Fear, and Co-worker Patients Attitude, degree of stigma and understanding of medical rights 13 factors (P <0.01 or P <0.05). Conclusion Medical students have different degrees of discrimination in PLWHA medical treatment. Medical fear, stigmatization and attitude towards colleagues are the main factors that affect health care students’ discrimination against PLWHA.