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通过重庆市职业病预防控制系统,对重庆市2006—2014年尘肺病的发病特征与分布特征进行分析,包括新发尘肺病例的基本情况、地区分布、行业分布及工种分布情况。结果显示,2006—2014年共诊断尘肺病例16 400例,呈现先上升后下降趋势。在15 937例新发尘肺病中,壹期10 009例(62.8%)、贰期4 339例(27.2%)、叁期1 589例(10.0%)。主要发病功能区为渝东北生态涵养发展区和城市发展新区,城市发展新区壹期病例(48.66%)所占比例最高。渝东北生态涵养发展区的贰期(48.64%)、叁期病例(57.91%)所占比例最高;主要类型为煤工尘肺和矽肺,都市功能拓展区电焊工尘肺较其他种类尘肺高(56.25%),城市发展新区水泥尘肺(67.24%)和陶工尘肺(94.34%)比例较高;行业集中在煤炭开采和洗选业,主要工种为主采煤工、凿岩工、纯采煤工、主掘进工。提示重庆市尘肺病发病形势较严峻,尘肺类型、地区、工种及行业分布呈集中趋势,且各功能区的尘肺主要发病特点相似,但因经济结构的不同也有部分差异。各功能区应有针对性地加强对尘肺病的防治工作。
Through the Chongqing occupational disease prevention and control system, the characteristics and distribution characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Chongqing from 2006 to 2014 were analyzed, including the basic situation, regional distribution, industry distribution and distribution of the types of new pneumoconiosis cases. The results showed that a total of 16 400 pneumoconiosis cases were diagnosed between 2006 and 2014, showing an upward trend and a downward trend. Among 15 937 new-onset pneumoconiosis cases, 10 009 (62.8%) were in stage I, 4 339 (27.2%) in stage II and 1 589 (10.0%) in stage III. The main functional areas for disease are the ecological conservation and development zone and the urban development zone in the northeast of Chongqing, with the highest proportion in the first phase of the urban development zone (48.66%). The second phase (48.64%) and the third phase (57.91%) of the ecological conservation and development zone in northeast Chongqing accounted for the highest proportion. The main types were coal worker’s pneumoconiosis and silicosis, and the welder’s pneumoconiosis in urban development zone was higher than other types of pneumoconiosis (56.25% ), The proportion of cement pneumoconiosis (67.24%) and potter’s pneumoconiosis (94.34%) in the urban development zone is high; the industry is concentrated in the coal mining and washing industry. The main types of work are mainly coal miners, rock drills, pure coal miners, Excavator. It is suggested that the incidence of pneumoconiosis in Chongqing is more serious. The types of pneumoconiosis, areas, types of trades and industries are concentrated. The main characteristics of pneumoconiosis in each functional area are similar, but there are some differences due to different economic structure. Each functional area should be targeted to strengthen the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis.