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期望理论最早是由美国心理学家佛隆在1964年出版的《工作与激发》一书中首先提出来的。佛隆认为,人总是渴求满足一定的需要并设法达到一定的目标。这个目标在尚未实现时,表现为一种期望,这时目标反过来对个人的动机又是一种激发的力量,而这个激发力量的大小,取决于目标价值(效价)和期望概率(期望值)的乘积。其基本内容主要是佛隆的期望公式和期望模式。用公式表示就是:M=ΣV×E。
The theory of expectations was first put forward by the American psychologist Franco in the book “Work and Inspiration” published in 1964. Folon believes that people are always eager to meet certain needs and try to achieve certain goals. When this goal has not yet been realized, it is expressed as an expectation. At this time, the goal is in turn a motivating force for the individual’s motive. The size of the motivating force depends on the target value (valence) and the expected probability (expectation value). The product of). The basic content is mainly Folon’s expectations formula and expectation model. The formula is: M=ΣV×E.