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水是人类生产生活的重要资源,科学合理地评价人类活动对水资源的影响是实现水资源可持续利用的重要保障.水足迹概念的提出创新性地将人类活动消耗的水资源区分为绿水、蓝水和灰水,拓展了水资源可持续利用的评价思路.基于虚拟水(VW)的水足迹理论和基于生命周期(LCA)的水足迹理论将水质与水量的概念相结合,成为了农业水资源管理研究的热点内容.基于VW的水足迹理论主要包括绿水足迹、蓝水足迹和灰水足迹的计算,以及水环境可持续性评价,而基于LCA的水足迹理论体现了水资源的消耗和污染及其对环境造成的综合影响.本文详细介绍了这两种水足迹理论的计算方法与环境可持续评价的研究进展,对比分析两种水足迹理论在描述农产品生产用水及其环境影响方面的差异性,并对其研究前景进行了展望.
Water is an important resource for human production and life, and scientific and reasonable evaluation of the impact of human activities on water resources is an important guarantee for the sustainable utilization of water resources. The concept of water footprint proposes to divide the water resources consumed by human activities into green water , Blue water and gray water to expand the assessment of sustainable use of water resources.Water footprint theory based on virtual water (VW) and water footprint theory based on life cycle (LCA) combine the concepts of water quality and water quantity The hot topics of agricultural water resources management research.Water footprint theory based on VW mainly includes the calculation of green water footprint, blue water footprint and gray water footprint, as well as the assessment of water environment sustainability, while the LCA-based water footprint theory reflects the water resources Consumption and pollution and its comprehensive impact on the environment.This paper describes in detail the calculation methods of these two kinds of water footprint theory and the progress of environmental sustainability assessment, comparative analysis of two kinds of water footprint theory in the description of agricultural production water and its environment Impact of the differences, and prospects for its research prospects.