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对于基本权利的属性,自近代以来各国都在强调基本权利具有主观性的属性,在公民的权利与国家义务之间,公民具有防御权和受益权,国家具有不侵犯义务和给付义务。但自福利国家与社会国家的思潮出现以后,基本权利的属性除要求国家不得干预和积极给付外,又发展出了国家的保护义务。国家的保护义务要求国家的立法机关、司法机关和行政机关提供完善的司法救济,以履行好国家的保护义务。
Since the modern era, all countries have emphasized the subjective nature of their basic rights. Citizens have the right of defense and the right to benefit from the rights of citizens and their state obligations, and the state has the obligation of non infringement and payment. However, since the appearance of the ideological trend of the welfare state and the social state, the property rights of the basic rights have not only required the state to intervene and actively paid, but also developed the state’s obligation of protection. The state’s obligation to protect requires that the legislature, judiciary and administrative organ of the country provide sound judicial remedies so as to fulfill the country’s obligations of protection.