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目的比较工业、农业和生活污染源河道内细菌群落的多样性,探讨环境与细菌群落多样性关系,为修复水环境技术提供理论依据。方法采集浙江省杭州市未污染的虎跑山泉水和3个不同污染源的水样共70份,用传统微生物平板培养和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术分析不同水体细菌群落的多样性差异。结果未被污染的虎跑山泉水p H最小,为7.25,其余受到污染的水体p H均>7.4,滨文河的p H最高,达8.04;浦沿化工厂河道中存在可培养的细菌最多,达到821 CFU/m L,其次为萧山养牛河道,虎跑最低仅8 CFU/m L,其细菌总数与p H密切相关;6种受污染的水中均存在大肠埃希菌和葡萄球菌,生活污水中未检测到沙门菌,化工污水中未检测到粪链球菌;变性梯度凝胶电泳结果表明,受污染的水中主要有变形菌门(23条带,71.9%)、放线菌门(8条带,25%)和厚壁菌门(1条带,3.9%),变形菌门是绝对的优势菌群;不同污染源影响的水中均有特异性细菌条带T5(uncultured bacterium clone C-84,HQ860591)和T7(uncultured rhodocyclaceae bacterium clone D7N55,KC006201),隶属于β-变形菌,只在受化工污染的河水中检测到;而受生活污水污染的河水中特有条带T3和T4均为γ-变形菌的气单胞菌属Aeromona;T10、T29和T30为受畜牧养殖场污水影响的河水中所特有,均隶属于放线菌门Gordonibacter属。结论不同的污染直接影响水的p H及细菌群落分布,且污水中致病菌也存在差异。
Objective To compare the diversity of bacterial communities in industrial, agricultural and domestic polluted rivers, and to explore the relationship between environment and bacterial community diversity, and to provide a theoretical basis for the restoration of water environment technologies. Methods A total of 70 water samples were collected from untreated Hupingshan Spring and three different sources in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The diversity of bacterial communities in different water bodies was analyzed by traditional microbial plate culture and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). As a result, the p H value of the untreated Hupu Spring water was the lowest, at 7.25. The p H values of other contaminated water bodies were both> 7.4, and the p H of the Binhe River was the highest, reaching 8.04. Most of the cultivable bacteria were present in the riverside of Puyan Chemical Plant , Reaching 821 CFU / m L, followed by Xiaoshan cattle breeding channel. The minimum number of bacteria was only 8 CFU / m L, and the total number of bacteria was closely related to p H. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were present in the 6 kinds of contaminated water, Salmonella was not detected in domestic sewage and no detection of Streptococcus faecalis in chemical wastewater. The results of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that there were mainly Proteobacteria (23 bands, 71.9%) in contaminated water, 8 bands, 25%) and Ficus parvum (1 band, 3.9%). Proteobacteria was the dominant dominant bacterial community. There were specific bacterial bands T5 in uncultured bacterium clone C- 84, HQ860591) and T7 (uncultured rhodocyclaceae bacterium clone D7N55, KC006201), belong to the β-Proteobacteria only detected in chemical contaminated river water; while the special contaminated river water T3 and T4 were Aeromonas aeruginosa of the γ-proteobacteria; T10, T29 and T30 of the river water affected by livestock farms sewage Unique, are part of actinomycetes door Gordonibacter genus. Conclusion Different pollutants directly affect the distribution of p H and bacterial community, and the pathogens in sewage are also different.