论文部分内容阅读
人力、资本、技术和能源,都是工业运转必不可少的要素,原材料也是如此。根据《经济合作和发展组织》估计,到2000年,现存的可开采矿物资源:铝、钒、铬和铌为目前人类需求的6到17倍以上;铂、钛、钻、锰、镍和铁有3到5倍以上;铅、钨、铜、锡和钽则为1.2到2.2倍以上。不能满足人类需求的有:锌和汞只能达到9成,铋8成,银6成,石棉5成。但一般来说,这些矿产有的有适当的代用品,有的由于生态上的原因应控制使用。此外,已知储量平均要比目前正被开采的多2到3倍,还应加上将来从海底
Human resources, capital, technology and energy are all indispensable elements of industrial operations, as are the raw materials. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the existing exploitable mineral resources: aluminum, vanadium, chromium and niobium are more than six to 17 times the current human needs by 2000; platinum, titanium, diamond, manganese, nickel and iron 3 to 5 times more; lead, tungsten, copper, tin and tantalum is 1.2 to 2.2 times more. Can not meet the needs of human beings are: zinc and mercury can only reach 9 percent, 8 percent bismuth, 6 percent silver, asbestos 5 percent. However, in general, some of these minerals have suitable substitutes and some should be controlled for ecological reasons. In addition, it is known that reserves average 2 to 3 times more than what is currently being mined, and should be added in the future from the sea floor