一 埃尔默·赖斯(Elmer Rice 1890—1967)是美国现代戏剧史上著名的活动家和多才多艺的剧作家。他一生写作了五十余种戏剧作品,创作题材涉及了当时几乎所有重大的社会关注热点和现实矛盾。他参与并领导了二、三十年代和战后几次轰轰烈烈的戏剧改良运动:反对美国政府对戏剧民主的压制与苛刻的审查制度;抵制戏剧公会(Theatre Guild)的官僚作风与垄断政策,与舍伍德、霍华德、 Elmer Rice (1890-1967) is a famous American activist and versatile playwright in the history of modern theater. He has written more than 50 kinds of dramatic works throughout his life. His writing themes cover all the major social hot spots and real contradictions at that time. He took part in and led several dramatic campaigns of theater improvement in the 1920s and 1930s and the post-war period: Opposed to the American government’s repression and harsh censorship of theater democracy; The bureaucracy and monopoly policy of the Theater Guild; Sherwood, Howard,