用“前清遗老”这个名词术语是不可能概括他晚年的学术研究精神的。八次科举不中程式，直到四十八岁彻底摒弃功名，杨守敬（一八三九———一九一五）这位湖北宜都的小商人之子“自是始绝意科名，专心著述”。古人所谓“太上立德，其次立功，其次立言”的“三不朽”事业在杨守 It is impossible to summarize the academic spirit of his later years with the terminology “old Qing old”. The eight-year civil service examinations failed until the 48-year-old completely abandoned his fame. Yang Shou-jing (1839-1-1915), the son of a small businessman in Yidu, Hubei Province, was “a self-initiated scientific name, concentrating on writings.” The ancients’ so-called “immortal” cause of "overriding ritual, secondly meritorious service,