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目的对牙齿发育指标和牙齿萌出指标进行遗传学分析。方法收集６～１２岁女性双生子８２对，通过ＤＮＡ指纹图进行卵型诊断。通过口腔检查和全口曲面断层片记录第三磨牙存在数、先天缺牙、上颌侧切牙畸形和萌出恒牙数，估算其遗传度。结果所测指标依遗传性由大到小依次为第三磨牙存在数、上颌侧切牙畸形、先天缺牙、萌出恒牙数。结论牙齿发育指标受遗传控制强于牙齿萌出指标。
Objective To analyze the genetics of tooth development and tooth eruption. Methods Eighty-two pairs of twins, 6-12 years old, were collected and the ovum was diagnosed by DNA fingerprinting. The number of third molars, congenital edentulous, maxillary lateral deformity and eruption permanent teeth number were recorded through oral examination and full-mouth curved slice, and the heritability was estimated. Results The measured indexes according to heredity descending order of the number of the third molars, maxillary lateral deformity, congenital edentulous, eruption of permanent teeth number. Conclusion Dental development is better controlled by genetic control than the eruption of teeth.