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在战后日本经济的发展过程中出现了一个重要的现象,许多行业渗透到另一个行业,使竞争趋于白炽化。香西(1985)曾指出,新金属陶瓷产业中就有多种行业参与进来。多种行业的进入成了70年代日本制造业市场集中度下降的一个重要原因。 在日本的高速增长期,由于市场扩张的速度大大超过了适度规模的要求,导致了很多制造业部门集中度的下降。70年代初期,随之增长率的下降,许多产业市场规模扩大的速度也趋于放慢,自然引发了人们以集中度回升的担心。事实上,这种担心成了徒劳:集中度没有根本上的波动,由制造业各部门的简单平均来看略呈激增迹象,而从加权平均值上看则呈微减趋势。究其原因,是行业间的相互参与。除了上述的新金属陶瓷产业外,大量的计算机厂商也纷纷加入到电子生产中来。此外,诸如钢铁、造船、纤维等“夕阳产业”也注重了新规事业的开发。这些成熟产业的活跃,成为现实或潜在的竞争力量,对许多产业发挥了积极的作用。新饭田、后藤、南部(1987)除了注意到这个作为新竞争因素的“业际化”动向外,开始探讨深层次的原因。
An important phenomenon arose during the postwar development of Japan’s economy. Many industries infiltrated into another industry and tended to become incandescent in competition. Xixi (1985) pointed out that there are many industries involved in the new metal-ceramic industry. The entry of many industries has become an important reason for the declining concentration of the manufacturing market in Japan in the 1970s. In the period of rapid growth in Japan, the concentration of many manufacturing sectors has declined due to the fact that the pace of market expansion far exceeds the requirement of a moderate size. In the early 1970s, with the declining growth rate, the pace of expansion of many industrial markets also tended to slow down, naturally triggering fears of a concentration rise. In fact, this concern has been futile: there is no fundamental volatility in concentration, which is a slight sign of a surge in the simple average of manufacturing sectors and a slight decrease in the weighted average. The reason is the mutual participation of the industry. In addition to the above new cermet industry, a large number of computer manufacturers have also joined the electronics production. In addition, “sunset industries” such as steel, shipbuilding and fiber also focus on the development of new regulations. The activeness of these mature industries has become a reality or a potential competitive force that has played a positive role in many industries. Shinya Iida, Goto, Southern (1987) In addition to noticing this “interdisciplinary” move as a new competitive factor, he began to explore the underlying causes.