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①“杂”与“剧”本为两个独立的字眼,唐人将其捏合为“杂剧”一词来概括某种表演形式时,自然要受到当时语言环境的影响。换言之,在“杂”与“剧”的诸种义项中,唐人的取义势必要打上时代的烙印。同时,“杂”与“剧”的组合也势必最能体现它所要概括的表演形式的基本特征,让人观其名而知其实。那么,最初的“杂剧”之名所要表达的特征是什么呢?其一是“杂”,也就是说,此种伎艺属于娱乐性质的俗乐而非雅乐,同时,该伎艺形式多样,杂七杂八。其次是“剧”,也即此伎艺包含了戏
1 “Miscellaneous” and “drama” are two separate words. When the Tang people puppet it into the term “drama” to summarize a form of performance, it is naturally influenced by the language environment at that time. In other words, in the various miscellaneous items of “miscellaneous” and “drama”, the Tang people’s righteousness must be marked by the era. At the same time, the combination of “miscellaneous” and “drama” is bound to reflect the basic characteristics of the form of performance it wants to summarize, allowing people to see their name and know the truth. Then, what are the characteristics of the first “drama” to be expressed? One is “miscellaneous,” that is to say, this type of entertainment is an entertainment-styled fun, not a melodious music. At the same time, the arts and crafts are diverse. Miscellaneous. Followed by “drama”, that is, this art contains a play.