The co-firing of coal and biomass in oxy-fuel fluidized beds is one of the most promising technologies for captur-ing CO2. This technology has attracted wide attention from academia and industry in recent years as a negative emission method to capture CO2 produced by carbon contained in biomass. In the past decades, many studies have been carried out regarding experiments and numerical simulations under oxy-fuel combustion conditions. This paper firstly briefly discusses the techno-economic viability of the biomass and coal co-firing with oxy-combustion and then presents a review of recent advancements involving experimental research and computa-tional fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in this field. Experimental studies on mechanism research, such as ther-mogravimetric analysis and tube face experiments, and fluidized bed experiments based on oxy-fuel fluidized beds with different sizes as well as the main findings, are summarized as a part of this review. It has been recog-nized that CFD is a useful approach for understanding the behaviors of the co-firing of coal and biomass in oxy-fuel fluidized beds. We summarize a recent survey of published CFD research on oxy-fuel fluidized bed combus-tion, which categorized into Eulerian and Lagrangian methods. Finally, we discuss the challenges and interests for future research.