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目的了解在宁夏残疾人康复中心进行视力残疾康复的银川市视力损伤人群的人口学和临床特点及助视器使用情况。设计横断面研究。研究对象收集在宁夏残疾人康复中心进行视力残疾康复的银川市患者资料共322例。方法记录患者的性别、年龄、民族、受教育程度、视力、视力损伤的病因,视力损伤程度(分为轻度、中度、重度)和适配的助视器类型。主要指标年龄、性别、视力损伤程度、视力损伤病因、助视器适配类型的构成比。结果资料完整者322例,男性占56.2%,平均年龄(50.9±16.2)岁,40~69岁年龄段人数最多(65.2%)。其中中度视力损伤126例(39.1%),重度视力损伤50例(15.5%),盲146例(45.3%)。引起视力损伤最主要原因为病理性近视(16.5%)。助视器中非视觉性辅具应用最多(54.2%)。近用助视器使用(45.1%)多于远用助视器(0.7%)。最常用的近用助视器为手持式放大镜(35.9%)和眼镜式放大镜(32.3%)。结论视力损伤患者多数为中老年人,主要病因为病理性近视。非视觉性辅具对患者日常生活有较大帮助。近用助视器的使用多于远用助视器。
Objective To understand the demographic and clinical characteristics of the visually impaired population in Yinchuan and their usage of visual aids in Ningxia Disabled Persons Rehabilitation Center. Design cross-section study. Participants collected a total of 322 cases of patients with Yinchuan City in Ningxia Disabled Persons Rehabilitation Center for visually impaired rehabilitation. Methods The patient’s gender, age, ethnicity, educational attainment, visual acuity, causes of visual impairment, degree of visual impairment (divided into mild, moderate, severe) and appropriate types of visual aids were recorded. The main indicators of age, gender, degree of visual impairment, the cause of visual impairment, visual aids match the type of composition ratio. Results 322 cases of complete information, 56.2% of men, the average age (50.9 ± 16.2) years old, the highest number of 40 to 69 age group (65.2%). There were 126 cases (39.1%) with moderate visual impairment, 50 cases (15.5%) with severe visual impairment, and 146 cases (45.3%) blind. The most common cause of visual impairment is pathological myopia (16.5%). Visual aids in non-visual aids used the most (54.2%). Near vision aid (45.1%) was more than vision aid (0.7%). The most commonly used near vision aids are handheld magnifiers (35.9%) and glasses magnifiers (32.3%). Conclusion The majority of patients with visual impairment are middle-aged and elderly patients, the main cause is pathological myopia. Non-visual aids in patients with daily life have greater help. Nearly the use of visual aids than the far with a visual aid.