莱辛是德国现实主义戏剧的创始人,也是德国古典文学时代的先驱,他在德国文学史上的伟大贡献之一就是创建了市民戏剧、民族戏剧,并在其创作的戏剧中抨击封建专制统治。本文从莱辛的市民戏剧、民族戏剧及市民阶级与封建贵族的矛盾冲突等方面,分析莱辛戏剧在题材上的创新与贡献以及对德国文学的形成和发展所产生的深远的影响。 Lessing is the founder of German realistic drama and also a pioneer of German classical literature. One of his great contributions to German literary history was to create civic drama and national drama, and criticized the feudal autocratic rule in the drama of his creation. This article analyzes the innovation and contribution of Lessing’s drama on the theme and the far-reaching impact on the formation and development of German literature in Lessing’s civic drama, ethnic drama and the contradictions and conflicts between the civic class and feudal aristocrats.