独词句在日语中叫做“一语文”(ぃちごふん),是指由一个单独的词构成的非主谓句。这种仅仅由一个词构成的句子,在特定的语言环境里可以表达比较完整的语意。对于“一语文”,日本的语言学家们有不同的论述,但“一语文”这一句法概念目前己被普遍接受。本文拟对日语独词句的成立、特点、类型以及表达效果等做些粗浅的分析,从理论上对这一独具特色的表达形式进行探讨。 A single-word sentence is called “one-language” in Japanese and refers to a non-main-predicate sentence composed of a single word. This sentence composed of only one word can express more complete semantics in a specific language environment. For “a language,” Japanese linguists have different discourses, but the concept of “one language” is now generally accepted. This thesis attempts to make a superficial analysis of the formation, characteristics, types and expressions of Japanese single-sentence expressions, and probes into this unique expression form theoretically.