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目前的音乐神经美学研究包括五大部分:一是以ERP(事件相关电位)为手段的音乐认知电位研究,二是以神经递质为主要内容的音乐认知神经化学研究,三是音乐认知的脑成像研究,四是音乐认知的功能性神经解剖学研究,五是音乐认知的神经心理学研究。(1)N400、N500是反映人脑加工音乐的语义信息的一组神经电生理学反式指标;P300则是神经电生理学的顺式指标。(2)五羟色胺作为一种与人的情绪一情感活动密切相关的神经递质,构成网状上行激动系统的重要动力源。人体内的五羟色胺释放水平与其对音乐的喜欢程度成正比,多巴胺的释放水平与人的音乐战栗性经验成正相关。(3)音乐能够激活人脑的大范围神经网络,其中包括默认系统与中线结构在内的认知系统、运动系统和边缘系统;相形之下,伤感的音乐能够更明显地提升对照组与实验组的情感效价、能量标度和精神唤起度。(4)儿童和成年人的大脑右半球的激活模式基本相同;儿童和成年人的大脑左半球的激活模式则完全不同,这些脑区属于特殊神经网络,与调节人脑认知音乐的语法、音乐的意义、音乐的情感特征及听觉工作记忆等重要活动密切相关。(5)人类的音乐认知需要经历四个阶段:一是感知阶段;二是大脑的奖赏效应及情感激活阶段;三是人的情感评价阶段;四是精神状态转换与行为反应。
At present, the research on music neuro-aesthetics consists of five parts: one is the study of cognitive potential of music based on ERP (Event-related Potential); the other is cognitive neurochemistry of neurotransmitters as the main content; The fourth is the functional neuroanatomy of music cognition. The fifth is the neuropsychological research of music cognition. (1) N400, N500 are a group of neuro-electrophysiological trans-targets that reflect the semantic information of human processing music; P300 are cis-indicators of neurophysiological. (2) Serotonin, as a neurotransmitter closely related to emotion and emotion, constitutes an important power source of the network up-regulated system. The level of serotonin release in the human body is proportional to its degree of musical preference. The level of dopamine release is positively correlated with the experience of human cheer music. (3) Music activates a wide range of neural networks in the human brain, including cognitive system, motor system and limbic system, including the default system and the midline structure; sad music, on the other hand, Group emotional potency, energy scale and spiritual arousal. (4) The activation patterns of the right hemisphere of children and adults are basically the same. The activation patterns of the left hemisphere of children and adults are completely different. These brain regions belong to special neural networks, which are related to the grammar, The significance of music, the emotional characteristics of music and auditory working memory and other important activities are closely related. (5) The human cognitive music needs to go through four stages: one is the perception stage; the other is the brain reward effect and emotional activation stage; the third is the human emotion evaluation stage; the other is the mental state transition and the behavioral reaction.