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从1978年恢复全国高等学校招生考试统一命题以来,语文高考命题的指导思想一直是既有利于高等学校选拔新生,又有利于中学教学。高考是选拔性考试,它不同于高中毕业考试,是从大量合格的高中毕业生中选拔少数人进入高等学校深造,高考试题的要求必然要比毕业考试的高一些。“有利于中学教学”包括两个方面:一是有助于稳定教学秩序,一是有助于推动教学的改革。语文高考命题从1984年开始,考查语体文的整篇阅读能力,从1985年开始,在古文阅读中设计了有选材与谋篇布局方面的题目,在全卷中注意了文学因素的考查。这些针对目前语文教学中的薄弱环节设计的试题,都深刻地影响和指导了中学语文教学。
Since the restoration of the unified proposition of the National College Admissions Examination in 1978, the guiding ideology of the Chinese college entrance examination proposition has always been conducive to the selection of freshmen in colleges and universities and to the teaching of middle schools. The college entrance examination is a selective examination. It is different from the high school graduation exam. It is the selection of a small number of qualified high school graduates to enter colleges and universities. The requirements for the high exam questions are necessarily higher than those for the graduation exams. “Facilitating secondary school teaching” includes two aspects: First, it helps to stabilize teaching order; first, it helps to promote teaching reform. The Chinese college entrance examination proposition began in 1984. It examines the entire reading ability of the genre and body text. From 1985 onwards, the topic of material selection and layout was designed in ancient Chinese reading. The literary factors were examined in the full volume. These questions designed for the weak links in the current Chinese teaching have profoundly influenced and directed Chinese teaching in middle schools.