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目的探究铜山县现阶段麻疹发病特征,掌握铜山县麻疹流行规律,制定控制和消除麻疹策略提供依据。方法对1999—2008年铜山县麻疹病例时间、地区、人群分布特点进行分析。麻疹血清学监测采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测IgM抗体。结果 1999—2008年,铜山县年平均报告发病率为1.16/10万;全县23个乡镇有病例发生,其中累计发病数最多的铜山镇15例占10.02%;全年各月均有麻疹发病,在3—6月发病较多,为96例,占麻疹病例总数的65.31%,发病高峰出现在6月,为29例,占19.73%;男性95例,女性52例,男女比例1.83∶1;发病年龄向偏大和偏小移动比较明显,以<1岁龄(44.90%)和15岁以上(26.53%)为主;发病以散童为主,农民、学生次之,分别占病例总数55.10%、19.73%、15.65%;147例麻疹病例中,有40.82%的病例无麻疹疫苗免疫史。结论麻疹的流行高峰较以往有所推迟,流行时间亦有所缩短,发病以春末夏初为主,3—6月为发病高峰,发病向小月龄儿童和大年龄青少年推移。青少年、学生、1岁以下的儿童发病增加。
Objective To explore the incidence of measles in Tongshan County at this stage, to grasp the prevalence of measles in Tongshan County and to provide evidences for controlling and eliminating measles. Methods The distribution characteristics of measles cases in Tongshan County from 1999 to 2008 were analyzed. Measles Serological Monitoring IgM antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The annual average incidence of Tongshan County was 1.16 / 100,000 in 1999-2008. There were 23 cases in Tongxiang County, accounting for 10.02% of the total number of Tongshan Town with the highest cumulative incidence. There were The incidence of measles in March to June more, 96 cases, accounting for 65.31% of the total number of measles cases, the peak incidence in June, 29 cases, accounting for 19.73%; 95 males and 52 females, male to female ratio of 1.83 : 1; the age of onset was larger and smaller than that of the younger ones (44.90%) and older than 15 years (26.53%). The incidence was dominated by scattered children, followed by the farmer and the student The total number was 55.10%, 19.73% and 15.65% respectively. Of the 147 measles cases, 40.82% had no measles vaccine immunization history. Conclusion The epidemic peak of measles was postponed compared with the past, and the prevalence of measles was also shortened. The incidence was mainly in the late spring and early summer, with the peak incidence in March-June, and the incidence of Xiaoyue children and older adolescents. Adolescents, students, children under the age of 1 increased incidence.