膀胱癌是泌尿外科最常见的恶性肿瘤,目前对于膀胱癌的诊断仍依赖膀胱镜病理学检查及尿脱落细胞学检查,治疗仍是手术及膀胱灌注化疗,但效果未令人满意。近年来随着分子水平的研究深入,发现了大量膀胱癌相关因子,从而进一步指导临床对于膀胱癌的诊断、治疗。 Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor in urology. At present, the diagnosis of bladder cancer is still dependent on cystoscopy and urinary cytology. The treatment is still surgery and intravesical chemotherapy, but the effect is not satisfactory. In recent years, with the further study of molecular level, a large number of bladder cancer related factors have been found, which can further guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.