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本文综述近几年来国内外有关结核免疫筛查、疫苗接种对结核开展免疫预防的研究成果,比较了各种免疫筛查方法的优劣,卡介苗在结核病防控中的作用以及新型结核疫苗的研发动态。结果表明无论是免疫筛查还是卡介苗在结核防控方面仍有较大缺陷,这也是结核病多年来没有得到有效控制的重要原因。新型结核疫苗的研发虽然目前也未取得突破性进展,但各国并未放弃努力,用疫苗预防结核病仍充满希望。更高灵敏性与特异性并且廉价的筛查方式,以及高效持久的结核疫苗的研制仍然是世界各国今后在结核病防治工作中的研究热点。
This review summarizes the results of research on tuberculosis immunization in recent years at home and abroad, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of various immunological screening methods, the role of BCG in tuberculosis prevention and control and the development of new tuberculosis vaccines dynamic. The results show that both the immune screening or BCG control in tuberculosis there is still a big flaw, which is tuberculosis has not been effectively controlled over the years an important reason. Although no breakthroughs have been made in the research and development of new TB vaccines, all countries have not given up their efforts and are still hopeful that vaccination can prevent TB. The higher sensitivity, specificity and cheap screening methods, as well as the development of a highly effective and durable TB vaccine, are still the hot topics in the future of tuberculosis prevention and treatment all over the world.