由于受国内、国际两种因素的制约,晚清主流外交思想经历了一个漫长而被动的演变过程,它实质上反映了中国外交由传统向近代转化的过程,同时在客观上也反映了近代中国险恶的国际环境。 Due to the restriction of domestic and international factors, the mainstream diplomatic thought of the late Qing Dynasty experienced a long and passive evolutionary process. It essentially reflected the process of China’s diplomacy from the traditional to the modern one. At the same time, it also objectively reflected that modern China Sinister international environment.