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目的 探讨不同性状痰样本对抗酸杆菌染色镜检及MGIT960系统液体培养结果的影响.方法 收集1 077例肺结核患者的痰样本, 根据其外观性状分为干酪痰、血痰、粘液痰和唾液共4组, 对4组痰样本荧光染色镜检及MGIT960系统液体培养结果进行统计分析.结果 1 077份肺结核患者痰样本中, 干酪痰213份、血痰32份、粘液痰814份、唾液18份, 荧光染色镜检阳性率分别为75.59％、56.25％、33.42％和22.22％;MGIT960液体培养阳性率分别为80.28％、56.25％、47.79％和38.89％.统计学分析显示, MGIT960液体培养阳性率高于荧光染色镜检, 差异有统计学意义 (χ2=73.66, P＜0.05).结论 痰样本的性状直接影响荧光染色镜检和MGIT960系统液体培养的检出率.医生应指导被检查者采取正确方法留取痰样本, 保证检测结果的准确性.“,”Objective To study the effects of sputum samples with different characters on acid-fast bacilli microscopy examination and MGIT960 system liquid culture. Methods The sputum samples of 1 077 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were collected. According to the appearance and character, they were divided into 4 groups, cheese-like sputum, bloody sputum, mucus sputum and saliva. The fluorescent staining microscopy examination and MGIT960 system liquid culture were recorded and analyzed. Results Among the 1 077 samples, the number of cheese-like sputum, bloody sputum, mucus sputum and saliva was 213, 32, 814 and 18, respectively. The positive rate of microscopy examination of the 4 group samples was 75.59％, 56.25％, 33.42％ and 22.22％, respectively. The positive rate of MGIT960 liquid culture of the 4 group samples was 80.28％, 56.25％, 47.79％ and 38.89％, respectively.The detection rate of culture group was higher than that of smear group (χ2=73.66, P ＜0.05), the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion The sputum samples characteristics directly affect the fluorescent staining microscopy examination and MGIT960 system liquid culture. The doctors should give guidance to the patients to collect sputum samples, in order to improve the detection accuracy.