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在归责伦理学视野里,正是自由使人这种存在者存在于可能性之中而永远面临着自主决断的生活,因而自由构成了一切伦理价值与伦理法则的基础。因为只有能够在自己的存在中打开多种可能性而能够进行自主决断,才存在应当不应当的问题,才出现相互性要求的自主关系,并因而能够且需要确立相互规约的法则。归责伦理学并非不重视美德伦理学所追求的美德,而是首先要为成就美德本身确立可靠的前提。人类在实践领域里启动从基于“知识”的美德伦理向基于自由的归责伦理的过渡,意味着开始了古典时代向现代性时代的过渡。在这个意义上,后者确立了现代性社会的价值原则。
In the view of imputation ethics, it is freedom that gives the existence of such existence to the possibility and always faces the life of self-determination. Therefore, freedom forms the basis of all ethical values and ethical rules. Because only when we are able to open up multiple possibilities in our own existence and are able to make our own decisions can there be problems that should not be allowed to emerge only in an autonomous relationship of mutual requirements, and thus we can and need to establish the rules of mutual agreement. Imputation ethics does not ignore the virtues pursued by virtue ethics, but first establishes a reliable prerequisite for the virtues of achievement. In the field of practice, mankind initiates a transition from a virtue ethics based on “knowledge ” to a freedom-based ethics of responsibility, which means that the transition from the classical era to the modern one has begun. In this sense, the latter establishes the principle of value in a modern society.