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阿姆河盆地是中亚地区重要的含油气盆地,位于阿姆河北岸的查尔朱阶地和布哈拉阶地为盆地的二级构造单元,其油气资源量占全盆地的一半。油气主要富集于阶地的局部背斜构造和生物礁圈闭中,这些圈闭与该区构造形成演化密不可分。利用常规地质资料,通过精细地层对比和地震资料解释,识别出两个关键界面:侏罗纪末的断拗转换面和早第三纪末的区域角度不整合面,并结合板块构造理论确定了构造变形时期。研究认为,侏罗纪以来两阶地经历了侏罗纪—白垩纪断陷—拗陷期和早第三纪抬升—改造期两个重要演化阶段,形成了上、中、下三大构造层。断陷—拗陷阶段的沉积控制了该区的构造格局;中构造层膏盐层的发育丰富了后期的构造样式。早第三纪—晚第三纪的构造运动使该区构造发生了强烈变革,形成了典型的逆断裂、走滑断裂带和不对称复合背斜构造带。
The Amu Darya basin is an important petroliferous basin in Central Asia. The Chaeru terraces and Bukhara terraces, located on the northern bank of the Amu River, are secondary structural units of the basin, accounting for about half of the basin’s oil and gas resources. The main oil and gas are enriched in the terrace anticlinal structure and reef trap, which are closely related to the formation and evolution of tectonics in this area. Using conventional geologic data, two key interfaces were identified through fine stratigraphic correlation and seismic data interpretation: the late Jurassic fault-depowered conversion surface and the late Early Tertiary regional angular unconformity, combined with plate tectonics Structure deformation period. The study shows that since the Jurassic, the Jurassic-Cretaceous faulted-depressive and Early Tertiary uplift-remolding stages have experienced two stages of evolution, forming the upper, middle and lower three structural layers. The faulted-depression phase sedimentation controls the tectonic framework of this area. The development of mid-structural salt layer enriches the later tectonic styles. The tectonic movement of the Early Tertiary-Late Tertiary led to a strong transformation of the tectonic setting in the area, forming the typical reverse fault, strike-slip fault zone and asymmetric compound anticline.