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目的了解东、中、西部小康型示范乡镇卫生院所在地区农村居民家庭常用药品与药械配备及放置情况,为农村居民药品合理使用指导及科学放置提供依据。方法采用单纯随机抽样与整群抽样相结合的方法,调查分析上海、浙江与四川3个小康型卫生院所辖162户居民的家庭常用药品与药械配备及放置情况。结果小康型乡镇农村居民家庭常用药物的配备率依次为:感冒药72.2%、创口贴51.9%、清凉油39.5%、风油精36.4%、抗高血压药27.8%、碘酊14.2%、抗糖尿病药13.0%、其他17.3%。家庭常用药械配备率依次为:体温计50.0%、棉签47.5%、血压计9.3%、注射器1.2%、其他22.2%。66%的受调查家庭常用药品及药械主要存放在固定抽屉,仅3.1%拥有特定放置药品与药械的便携式药包。结论东、中、西部示范小康型卫生院辖区农村居民家庭药品配备率较高,并以非处方药为主;家庭医用器械配备率不高,多数药械配备与家庭成员患特殊慢性病有关;家庭药品与药械存放的随意性较大,存在安全隐患,可能影响到合理用药。
Objective To understand the distribution and deployment of commonly used medicines and drugs for rural residents in the well-to-do model township health centers in the eastern, central and western parts of China, and provide evidences for the rational use of medicines and scientific placement of rural residents. Methods The methods of simple random sampling and cluster sampling were used to investigate the distribution and use of drugs and equipment of 162 households under the jurisdiction of 3 well-to-do hospitals in Shanghai, Zhejiang and Sichuan. Results The distribution rates of commonly used drugs for rural residents in well-to-do townships were 72.2% for cold medicine, 51.9% for wound paste, 39.5% for cool oil, 36.4% for essential oil, 27.8% for antihypertensive drugs, 14.2% for iodine tincture and 13.0% for antidiabetic drugs %, Other 17.3%. Commonly used equipment for the family were as follows: thermometer 50.0%, cotton swab 47.5%, sphygmomanometer 9.3%, syringe 1.2% and other 22.2%. 66% of the commonly used household medicines and medical devices in the surveyed households were mainly stored in fixed drawers, with only 3.1% of them possessing portable kits with specific medicines and devices. Conclusion In the eastern, central and western demonstration well-to-do health centers, rural residents have a higher rate of drug-use and over-the-counter medicines. The rate of family medical equipment is not high, and most of them are associated with family members suffering from special chronic diseases. Larger discretionary storage, there are security risks, may affect the rational use of drugs.