论文部分内容阅读
摘 要：本文以牛津高中英语教材模块四Unit 2 Reading为原始材料，设计了一节阅读课的教学案例，旨在探讨在新课程的理念下英语阅读的授课模式。
关键词：案例 设计 策略 步骤
引言
新课程标准倡导采用“任务型教学”的途径，让学生在教师的指导下，通过感知、体验、实践、参与和合作等方式，逐步达到教学目标规定的要求。因此，如何才能体现新的课程理念，培养学生的思维能力，激发学生的学习热情，提高学生综合运用语言的能力就成为教学设计的核心问题。
教学设计理念
1. 运用任务型语言教学模式，训练培养学生对语言的综合运用，实现目标，感受成功，教学形式不拘一格。
2. 课堂以学生为主体，以任务为主线，重视体验参与，教师起到“设计者、研究者、促进者、协调者”的作用。
3. 在教学中，突出交际性，适时进行情感和策略调整，以形成积极的学习态度，促进语言实际运用能力的提高。
4. 倡导过程激励，以多层次、多角度、多主体的结果与过程并重的评价方式激励进步。
一、学情分析
一方面，高中年龄段的学生对周围的事物较为敏感，有自己的观点和看法，他们不满足于教科书上的知识，想获得更多的信息。在英语学习上，他们不只是想把英语作为一门死记硬背的课程来学，更希望能学到知识性和趣味性兼有的内容，从英语学习中获得更多的知识和能力。另一方面学生对体育比较感兴趣，对奥林匹克有一定的了解。因此，应结合学生的实际情况，因材施教，激发学生兴趣，让学生主动学习，学有所获。
二、教学内容分析
(一)知识背景及新课程、新教材
本单元以奥林匹克为中心话题，主要内容涉及奥林匹克的发展史和意义，重点讨论了奥林匹克精神对人类的意义和影响。语言和技能都是围绕这一中心展开的。
本课是本单元第二课——“阅读课”，又是本单元的重点。文章的体裁是一篇演讲，通过演讲这个载体，介绍了古代和现代奥林匹克的发展历程，并挑选了六位具有代表性的奥运冠军作为演讲的实例，进一步阐述奥林匹克的精神。
（二）教学重点难点
（1）重点：①了解演讲的文体特点并以此指导阅读；②训练skimming, scanning, further reading等阅读微技能；③对文章深层次的理解，透过奥运冠军的成功，进一步领略奥运精神。
（2）难点： ①阅读技能的训练；②对演讲体裁的鉴赏能力和对奥运精神的理解。
三、三维教学目标
（一）知识技能
（1）读懂文章，理解文章大意。
（2）学会演讲体裁的文章特点与结构模式，并能模仿写一篇演讲稿。
（二）情感态度
（1）了解奥林匹克的相关知识以及“更快、更高、更强”的奥林匹克精神。
（2）激发学生思考：①能从奥运冠军身上学到哪些品质?②奥运冠军的成功能够为他们树立什么样的榜样?
（三）学习策略（能力目标）
通过“三读法”让学生掌握速读、跳读、精读的要领。并通过阅读让学生了解到阅读过程中有很多阅读障碍，不可求全责备，要调整心态和注意力，通过读懂细节，推断隐含内容，要掌握大意，获取所需信息。通过谈论奥林匹克发展史、奥运冠军的成就来提高学生运用英语交际的能力。
（四）文化意识
了解奥林匹克的相关知识，加深对奥林匹克精神的理解，并能够把奥林匹克精神运用到自己的学习和生活中去。
四、教法分析
教学方法 ： question and answer, discussion, playing games, taskbased method
五、具体教学步骤（Teaching procedures:）
Step 1 Leadin
1. Play the background music about Olympics in the break and at the beginning of the class. Then ask students:
Q1: What does the song sing for? (Olympic Games)
Q2: Can you name some sports just mentioned in the song?
Then show students some pictures about the sports.
2. How much do you know really about Olympic Games?
Show some sentences about Olympics on the screen and let students to tell whether they are true or false. Divide students into four big groups (Group A, Group B, Group C, Group D) and tell them to rush to stand up and say it out. If his answer is correct, hell score a point for his group. But if his answer is wrong, his group will lose one, instead.
1. The Olympic Games are held every four years.
2. We have had 28 Olympic Games all together till now.
3. The next Olympic Games will be held in Edinburgh, Britain. 4. Only excellent Athletes can take part in the Olympics.
5. The Olympics has lasted for more than two thousand years.
6. The dream of the founder Pierre de Coubertin(顾拜旦) is to make Olympics a big event in the sports history.
7. Chinese athletes have won more gold medals in team events than individual ones.
8. Olympic flame cant be put out until the end of the Games.
To further know about Olympics, four questions are given to students to rush to answer.
1. What colors are the five rings on the flag?
2. What is the motto of Olympic Games?
3. Can you give us different types of Olympic Games? At least two types.
4. How many gold medals did Chinese athletes win at the 28th Beijing Olympics？
Step 2 Skimming and scanning
Today we will learn more about Olympic Games. Turn to Page 22. Look through the passage quickly, and try to answer the question on the screen:
What kind of article is it?
A. An expository writing. B. A speech.
C. A historical writing. D. A description.
What is the speech about? (Olympics)
What aspects of the Olympics? Read Para 1, you may find the answer.
(history & significance facts and stories)
We can see the main content in the first Para. So it is an introduction of the speech.
Look through the texts below to find out which paras talk about its history and significance. And which ones are the stories the author wants to share with us?
This is the body of the speech. Can you tell me what the next part is? The author concludes the speech. Yes, this is the conclusion.
From the screen, we can find that a speech may consist of introduction, body and conclusion.
Now, lets look at the structure of the passage again. Which of the following shows the right structure of the passage?
Step 3 Further reading and activities
1. Lets focus on the second part. Please listen to the tape carefully.
I have a chart here. While listening, you are expected to pay attention to the similarities and differences between them.
Here is your time to run and answer my questions.
1. List a sport that can still be seen in the Contemporary Olympics.
2. What is the dream of the Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin?
2. Whats talked about in para 5-8? (Many athletes.) Count quickly, and then tell me how many persons are mentioned here？Who are they?
I will give you two minutes to get familiar with these persons. While reading, you should pay attention to the persons name, nationality and his or her achievements. And then lets play a game. On the screen are eight numbers and each number is related to a question. I will show you a picture, and you are expected to give us the detailed information. Every four students a small session. In your group when someone stands up, others can give him or her help. If you get the answers, your group will score at least 5 points. But the question should be finished in one and a half minutes.
Group one stand up and choose a number, and then describe the person on the PPT.
Ali is an American, who won the gold medal at the 1960 Rome Olympics and won the World Heavyweight Boxing Championship in 1964. In 1996 he returned to light the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony.
Michael Jordan is also an American, who won the gold medal at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics and the second gold medal at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics.
Xu Haifeng is a Chinese. At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, he won the first gold medal for China.
Deng Yaping is also a Chinese, who won four gold medals in 1992 and 1996. She is the greatest female table tennis player in the world.
Liu Xiang is from China, who won the gold medal in the mens 110metre hurdles and became the first Asian to win the gold medal.
Zhang Ning is from China, who is a former badminton champion. At the 2008 Beijing Olympics she won the gold medal, when she was 33 years old.
3. Then come to the conclusion of the speech. Lets read Para 9 together.
According to this part, the Olympics can bring us a lot of joy. Maybe this is the reason why so many people watch the games, and make it a most important event in the sports history. Man likes Olympics, and many countries are trying their best to gain the right to host Olympics. Do they compete just because their people like the games?
Step 4 Group work
1. Now, think about the question: Why are these persons mentioned to us by the author? You can talk about it with your partner, and then share your ideas with us.
●They all succeeded and won the gold medals in the Olympic Games.
●They all tried their best and set good examples to all the athletes and us as well.
●They all have a strong will.
●All of them are worth respecting.
●They all stand for the spirit of the Olympic Games.
2. Maybe we can imagine that people in the ancient times liked Olympics because they could enjoy a period of peace time. Can you tell us why a lot of countries like Olympics nowadays? And even many of them compete fiercely for the right to host the Games? Have a discussion in your small group, and then share your ideas with us. ●It is a good chance for a country to set up a good image/improve her image.
●To show her power and ability to the world.
●To earn more money. To give more jobs to the workers at home.
●To strengthen the nations confidence and pride.
3. What can we students learn from the Olympic spirit?
●We should set a goal for our study and then stick to it.
●In the face of difficulty or failure, never give up.
●Hold on, and nothing is impossible. We will succeed one day.
Step 5 Consolidation
Lets have a revision of what we have learned in this class by doing the taskbased reading.
Step 6 Homework
1. Reread the text.
2. Write down your understanding of the Olympic spirit.
六、教学反思
1. 站在学生的角度，精心设计活动，让学生明白学习目标。精心设计可操作性强的任务化活动是成功组织任务型教学的首要条件。这样学生可以通过完成具体的任务来学习和巩固语言，积累学习经验和享受成功的喜悦。
2．本堂课使用多媒体教学，课件精美，呈现了许多和奥运相关的视频和图片，让学生再一次领略奥运冠军的风采，能够调动学生英语学习的积极性和激发学生课堂参与的热情，为学生创设了良好的英语交际环境。
3．为遵循新课程的理念，课堂结构新颖，设计合理，并最终成功地达到教学目标。教师不仅是知识的传授者，还成为学生学习的促进者、指导者、组织者、帮助者、参与者和合作者，除了传授学生必要的语言知识外，还重视学生的个性和兴趣。在这堂课中，教师通过多媒体技术，为学生创设各种语言学习环境，设计操作性强的游戏环节，提供丰富的教学资源，拓宽了学生的学习渠道和学习方式。
4．以任务型为教学原则，本案例的每一个任务都是围绕学习者“学”的角度设计的。通过小组活动，组组竞争，培养了学生合作探究能力。学生的每一个活动都具有明确的目的指向和具体的操作要求，实现了英语在真实情境中的应用。
5. 诚然，本节课中也有不够完美的地方。学生的参与热情虽然很高，但依然有少部分同学未能充分发挥主观能动性，积极参与到课堂活动当中，这是教师未能完全处理得好的地方。
总之，本课以学生为主体,任务型教学主线，合作教学为原则，以多媒体为教学手段，突出交际性，重视学习策略的培养，重视结果与过程并重的评价方式。通过合作、探究，运用“三读法”让学生由表及里、由浅入深的进行表层理解,深层理解,评价性理解，培养学生阅读能力的同时，培养学生的听说写的能力，经过授课达到了预期的效果。
参考文献
英语课程标准 [S]. 人民教育出版社，2003年4月.
关键词：案例 设计 策略 步骤
引言
新课程标准倡导采用“任务型教学”的途径，让学生在教师的指导下，通过感知、体验、实践、参与和合作等方式，逐步达到教学目标规定的要求。因此，如何才能体现新的课程理念，培养学生的思维能力，激发学生的学习热情，提高学生综合运用语言的能力就成为教学设计的核心问题。
教学设计理念
1. 运用任务型语言教学模式，训练培养学生对语言的综合运用，实现目标，感受成功，教学形式不拘一格。
2. 课堂以学生为主体，以任务为主线，重视体验参与，教师起到“设计者、研究者、促进者、协调者”的作用。
3. 在教学中，突出交际性，适时进行情感和策略调整，以形成积极的学习态度，促进语言实际运用能力的提高。
4. 倡导过程激励，以多层次、多角度、多主体的结果与过程并重的评价方式激励进步。
一、学情分析
一方面，高中年龄段的学生对周围的事物较为敏感，有自己的观点和看法，他们不满足于教科书上的知识，想获得更多的信息。在英语学习上，他们不只是想把英语作为一门死记硬背的课程来学，更希望能学到知识性和趣味性兼有的内容，从英语学习中获得更多的知识和能力。另一方面学生对体育比较感兴趣，对奥林匹克有一定的了解。因此，应结合学生的实际情况，因材施教，激发学生兴趣，让学生主动学习，学有所获。
二、教学内容分析
(一)知识背景及新课程、新教材
本单元以奥林匹克为中心话题，主要内容涉及奥林匹克的发展史和意义，重点讨论了奥林匹克精神对人类的意义和影响。语言和技能都是围绕这一中心展开的。
本课是本单元第二课——“阅读课”，又是本单元的重点。文章的体裁是一篇演讲，通过演讲这个载体，介绍了古代和现代奥林匹克的发展历程，并挑选了六位具有代表性的奥运冠军作为演讲的实例，进一步阐述奥林匹克的精神。
（二）教学重点难点
（1）重点：①了解演讲的文体特点并以此指导阅读；②训练skimming, scanning, further reading等阅读微技能；③对文章深层次的理解，透过奥运冠军的成功，进一步领略奥运精神。
（2）难点： ①阅读技能的训练；②对演讲体裁的鉴赏能力和对奥运精神的理解。
三、三维教学目标
（一）知识技能
（1）读懂文章，理解文章大意。
（2）学会演讲体裁的文章特点与结构模式，并能模仿写一篇演讲稿。
（二）情感态度
（1）了解奥林匹克的相关知识以及“更快、更高、更强”的奥林匹克精神。
（2）激发学生思考：①能从奥运冠军身上学到哪些品质?②奥运冠军的成功能够为他们树立什么样的榜样?
（三）学习策略（能力目标）
通过“三读法”让学生掌握速读、跳读、精读的要领。并通过阅读让学生了解到阅读过程中有很多阅读障碍，不可求全责备，要调整心态和注意力，通过读懂细节，推断隐含内容，要掌握大意，获取所需信息。通过谈论奥林匹克发展史、奥运冠军的成就来提高学生运用英语交际的能力。
（四）文化意识
了解奥林匹克的相关知识，加深对奥林匹克精神的理解，并能够把奥林匹克精神运用到自己的学习和生活中去。
四、教法分析
教学方法 ： question and answer, discussion, playing games, taskbased method
五、具体教学步骤（Teaching procedures:）
Step 1 Leadin
1. Play the background music about Olympics in the break and at the beginning of the class. Then ask students:
Q1: What does the song sing for? (Olympic Games)
Q2: Can you name some sports just mentioned in the song?
Then show students some pictures about the sports.
2. How much do you know really about Olympic Games?
Show some sentences about Olympics on the screen and let students to tell whether they are true or false. Divide students into four big groups (Group A, Group B, Group C, Group D) and tell them to rush to stand up and say it out. If his answer is correct, hell score a point for his group. But if his answer is wrong, his group will lose one, instead.
1. The Olympic Games are held every four years.
2. We have had 28 Olympic Games all together till now.
3. The next Olympic Games will be held in Edinburgh, Britain. 4. Only excellent Athletes can take part in the Olympics.
5. The Olympics has lasted for more than two thousand years.
6. The dream of the founder Pierre de Coubertin(顾拜旦) is to make Olympics a big event in the sports history.
7. Chinese athletes have won more gold medals in team events than individual ones.
8. Olympic flame cant be put out until the end of the Games.
To further know about Olympics, four questions are given to students to rush to answer.
1. What colors are the five rings on the flag?
2. What is the motto of Olympic Games?
3. Can you give us different types of Olympic Games? At least two types.
4. How many gold medals did Chinese athletes win at the 28th Beijing Olympics？
Step 2 Skimming and scanning
Today we will learn more about Olympic Games. Turn to Page 22. Look through the passage quickly, and try to answer the question on the screen:
What kind of article is it?
A. An expository writing. B. A speech.
C. A historical writing. D. A description.
What is the speech about? (Olympics)
What aspects of the Olympics? Read Para 1, you may find the answer.
(history & significance facts and stories)
We can see the main content in the first Para. So it is an introduction of the speech.
Look through the texts below to find out which paras talk about its history and significance. And which ones are the stories the author wants to share with us?
This is the body of the speech. Can you tell me what the next part is? The author concludes the speech. Yes, this is the conclusion.
From the screen, we can find that a speech may consist of introduction, body and conclusion.
Now, lets look at the structure of the passage again. Which of the following shows the right structure of the passage?
Step 3 Further reading and activities
1. Lets focus on the second part. Please listen to the tape carefully.
I have a chart here. While listening, you are expected to pay attention to the similarities and differences between them.
Here is your time to run and answer my questions.
1. List a sport that can still be seen in the Contemporary Olympics.
2. What is the dream of the Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin?
2. Whats talked about in para 5-8? (Many athletes.) Count quickly, and then tell me how many persons are mentioned here？Who are they?
I will give you two minutes to get familiar with these persons. While reading, you should pay attention to the persons name, nationality and his or her achievements. And then lets play a game. On the screen are eight numbers and each number is related to a question. I will show you a picture, and you are expected to give us the detailed information. Every four students a small session. In your group when someone stands up, others can give him or her help. If you get the answers, your group will score at least 5 points. But the question should be finished in one and a half minutes.
Group one stand up and choose a number, and then describe the person on the PPT.
Ali is an American, who won the gold medal at the 1960 Rome Olympics and won the World Heavyweight Boxing Championship in 1964. In 1996 he returned to light the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony.
Michael Jordan is also an American, who won the gold medal at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics and the second gold medal at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics.
Xu Haifeng is a Chinese. At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, he won the first gold medal for China.
Deng Yaping is also a Chinese, who won four gold medals in 1992 and 1996. She is the greatest female table tennis player in the world.
Liu Xiang is from China, who won the gold medal in the mens 110metre hurdles and became the first Asian to win the gold medal.
Zhang Ning is from China, who is a former badminton champion. At the 2008 Beijing Olympics she won the gold medal, when she was 33 years old.
3. Then come to the conclusion of the speech. Lets read Para 9 together.
According to this part, the Olympics can bring us a lot of joy. Maybe this is the reason why so many people watch the games, and make it a most important event in the sports history. Man likes Olympics, and many countries are trying their best to gain the right to host Olympics. Do they compete just because their people like the games?
Step 4 Group work
1. Now, think about the question: Why are these persons mentioned to us by the author? You can talk about it with your partner, and then share your ideas with us.
●They all succeeded and won the gold medals in the Olympic Games.
●They all tried their best and set good examples to all the athletes and us as well.
●They all have a strong will.
●All of them are worth respecting.
●They all stand for the spirit of the Olympic Games.
2. Maybe we can imagine that people in the ancient times liked Olympics because they could enjoy a period of peace time. Can you tell us why a lot of countries like Olympics nowadays? And even many of them compete fiercely for the right to host the Games? Have a discussion in your small group, and then share your ideas with us. ●It is a good chance for a country to set up a good image/improve her image.
●To show her power and ability to the world.
●To earn more money. To give more jobs to the workers at home.
●To strengthen the nations confidence and pride.
3. What can we students learn from the Olympic spirit?
●We should set a goal for our study and then stick to it.
●In the face of difficulty or failure, never give up.
●Hold on, and nothing is impossible. We will succeed one day.
Step 5 Consolidation
Lets have a revision of what we have learned in this class by doing the taskbased reading.
Step 6 Homework
1. Reread the text.
2. Write down your understanding of the Olympic spirit.
六、教学反思
1. 站在学生的角度，精心设计活动，让学生明白学习目标。精心设计可操作性强的任务化活动是成功组织任务型教学的首要条件。这样学生可以通过完成具体的任务来学习和巩固语言，积累学习经验和享受成功的喜悦。
2．本堂课使用多媒体教学，课件精美，呈现了许多和奥运相关的视频和图片，让学生再一次领略奥运冠军的风采，能够调动学生英语学习的积极性和激发学生课堂参与的热情，为学生创设了良好的英语交际环境。
3．为遵循新课程的理念，课堂结构新颖，设计合理，并最终成功地达到教学目标。教师不仅是知识的传授者，还成为学生学习的促进者、指导者、组织者、帮助者、参与者和合作者，除了传授学生必要的语言知识外，还重视学生的个性和兴趣。在这堂课中，教师通过多媒体技术，为学生创设各种语言学习环境，设计操作性强的游戏环节，提供丰富的教学资源，拓宽了学生的学习渠道和学习方式。
4．以任务型为教学原则，本案例的每一个任务都是围绕学习者“学”的角度设计的。通过小组活动，组组竞争，培养了学生合作探究能力。学生的每一个活动都具有明确的目的指向和具体的操作要求，实现了英语在真实情境中的应用。
5. 诚然，本节课中也有不够完美的地方。学生的参与热情虽然很高，但依然有少部分同学未能充分发挥主观能动性，积极参与到课堂活动当中，这是教师未能完全处理得好的地方。
总之，本课以学生为主体,任务型教学主线，合作教学为原则，以多媒体为教学手段，突出交际性，重视学习策略的培养，重视结果与过程并重的评价方式。通过合作、探究，运用“三读法”让学生由表及里、由浅入深的进行表层理解,深层理解,评价性理解，培养学生阅读能力的同时，培养学生的听说写的能力，经过授课达到了预期的效果。
参考文献
英语课程标准 [S]. 人民教育出版社，2003年4月.