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从世界经济发展的历史来看,工业化不外有两种模式,即以英国、美国为代表的英美模式,这一模式的显著特点是:首先从发展轻纺工业起步,然后待资本积累到一定程度,自动推动重工业的发展,从而实现国家的工业化。另一个模式就是苏联模式,它同英美模式的不同之处在于:它首先强调重工业的发展,以建立工业的基础,再带动轻纺及其它工业和农业的发展,最后实现国家的工业化。新中国诞生以后,也进行了大规模的工业化建设,在模式的选择上,基本上采用了苏联的工业化模式,中国在当时为什么要采用苏联模式而不采用英美模式呢?本文企图从几个不同方面回答这个问题。
From the perspective of the history of world economic development, there are two models of industrialization, namely the British and American models represented by the United Kingdom and the United States. The distinctive features of this model are: First, it starts from the development of the textile industry, and then it waits for the accumulation of capital to a certain extent. The degree will automatically promote the development of heavy industry so as to realize the industrialization of the country. The other model is the Soviet Union model. The difference between it and the Anglo-American model is that it first emphasizes the development of heavy industry to establish the basis of industry, then drives the development of textile and other industries and agriculture, and finally realizes the industrialization of the country. Since the birth of New China, large-scale industrialization has also been carried out. In the selection of models, the Soviet Union’s industrialization model was basically adopted. Why did China adopt the Soviet Union model instead of the Anglo-American model? This paper attempts from several different perspectives. In response to this question.