一、交通运输 1.铁路铁路起源于英国,1825年,斯托克顿和达灵顿之间的世界第一条客运铁路建成通车。英国铁路分布很不平均,英格兰的铁路较多,其它地区特别是苏格兰的西北部铁路较稀疏。1948年,英国铁路实行国有化。从那时起,铁路运输业常出现赤字现象。为了减少赤字,在1963-70年间,政府关 I. Transportation 1. Railway The railway originated in England. In 1825, the world’s first passenger railway between Stockton and Darlington was opened to traffic. British railways are unevenly distributed, with more railways in England, and sparse railways in other parts of the country, especially in northwestern Scotland. In 1948, the British railway was nationalized. Since then, the railway industry has suffered from a deficit. In order to reduce the deficit, the government closed in 1963-70