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目的了解北京市2岁以内婴幼儿出生时营养、母乳喂养与辅食添加状况,为政府制定儿童营养政策提供依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法,于2002年8至11月在北京市18个区县进行抽样调查。在取得知情同意的情况下,对422名2岁以内婴幼儿的家长进行面对面询问调查。结果北京市平均婴儿出生体重为3325g,低体重出生率和巨大儿出生率分别为2.8%和13.0%;4月龄内婴儿母乳喂养率、混合喂养率和人工喂养率分别为56.6%、33.9%和9.5%,城区混合喂养率明显高于郊区;婴幼儿平均断奶月龄为7.4个月;6月龄及以上婴幼儿的辅食添加率为99.4%,城区和郊区婴幼儿各类辅食的添加顺序一致,但郊区婴幼儿的辅食添加时间晚于城区,且蔬菜水果、水产品、食用油的添加频率低于城区。结论北京地区新生儿体格发育良好,应在社区加强婴幼儿喂养的健康教育,提高母乳喂养率,适当延长母乳喂养时间,并适时添加各类辅食。
Objective To understand the status of nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding of infants born within 2 years of age in Beijing and provide the basis for the government to formulate children’s nutrition policy. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct sampling survey in 18 districts and counties in Beijing from August to November in 2002. With informed consent, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 422 parents of infants under 2 years of age. Results The average birth weight of infants in Beijing was 3325g, the birth weight of low birth weight and the birth weight of macrosomia were 2.8% and 13.0% respectively. The breast-feeding rate, mixed feeding rate and artificial feeding rate of infants in 4 months were 56.6%, 33.9% and 9.5% %, Urban mixed feeding rate was significantly higher than the suburbs; infants and young children average weaning age of 7.4 months; 6 months of age and above infant food supplement rate of 99.4%, infants and young children in urban and suburban food supplements in the same order, However, supplementary feeding for infants and young children in the suburbs was added later than urban areas, and the frequency of adding fruits and vegetables, aquatic products and cooking oil was lower than that of urban areas. Conclusion Newborns in Beijing have good physical development. Health education for infants and young children should be strengthened in the community, the rate of breastfeeding should be increased, the breastfeeding time should be prolonged appropriately, and various supplementary foods should be added timely.