中国的政治体制是激励各个组织、政府部门和地方政府进行制度创新的,因此,中国各个层面的改革与创新是体制化的激励,但是创新如何制度化,则构成一个中国的内生困境。本文以中国地方工会制度创新的典型——“义乌工会社会化维权模式”为分析对象,探讨了构成中国制度创新的行动逻辑中两个核心要素——创新的激励与内生困境。面对社会变迁带来的组织需求激励,义乌市总工会借助多元社会力量,尤其是党政部门的支持,主动替工人群体尤其是外来务工人员维护权利。但这一制度创新行动遭遇到来自工会内外的挑战,工人运动在中国政治结构框架下,地方工会制度创新过程是一个体制内的合法性抗争行动。一个有意义的现象是,在社会结构改变的情况下工会组织整体上已经无法退却,许多工会制度的探索虽然会出现停滞,仍然是“此起彼伏”。 China’s political system is to encourage all organizations, government departments and local governments to make institutional innovations. Therefore, reforms and innovations at all levels in China are institutionalized incentives. However, how innovation is institutionalized constitutes a China’s endogenous predicament. In this paper, the typical model of local trade union system in China - “Yiwu trade union social rights mode” as the analysis object, explores the two core elements in the action logic of China’s institutional innovation - innovation incentives and endogenous predicament. Facing the organizational needs and incentives brought about by social changes, the Yiwu Municipal Federation of Trade Unions took the initiative to safeguard the rights of workers groups, especially migrant workers, with the support of multiple social forces, especially the party and government departments. However, this system of innovation has encountered challenges from both inside and outside the trade unions. Under the framework of China’s political structure, the process of innovating the local trade unions is a legal protest within the system. A meaningful phenomenon is that trade union organizations as a whole have not been able to retreat in the event of a change in social structure and many of the exploration of the system of trade unions, though stagnant, is still “one after another.”