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目的探讨职业低剂量辐射的长期暴露与健康效应的关系。方法2007年成都市1 052名放射从业人员纳入监测队列,男性785例(74.62%),女性267例(25.38%)。个人剂量测定采用热释光法;健康监测指标包括血液常规、染色体畸变分析、眼晶体等。采用SPSS13.0软件的方差分析、χ2检验和广义线性模型单变量程序(GLMUni-variate procedure,即协方差分析)进行组间差异比较。结果男性的平均年剂量为(0.76±0.65)mSv,女性的为(0.75±0.64)mSv,两组间差异无统计学显著性(F=0.136,P=0.712)。女性低白细胞、低血小板、高红细胞数和高血红蛋白量的人数和现患率分别为30(11.2%),45(16.9%),4(1.5%)和3(1.1%);男性分别为32(4.1%),147(18.7%),64(8.2%)和115(14.6%),除血小板外,上述三个指标在性别间的差异有统计学意义(χ2检验,P<0.01)。按性别分层分析,未观察到剂量分组间各健康指标(红细胞、白细胞、血小板计数、血红蛋白量及染色体畸变数)的分布差异(协方差分析和χ2检验,P>0.05)。结论该人群的健康效应既有低剂量辐射的兴奋和适应效应,也有辐射的累积损害效应,其中女性是辐射不良效应的敏感人群,血液指标是指示辐射健康影响的敏感指标。
Objective To investigate the relationship between long-term exposure to occupational low-dose radiation and health effects. Methods In 2007, 1 052 radiation workers in Chengdu were included in the monitoring cohort. There were 785 male patients (74.62%) and 267 female patients (25.38%). Personal dose measurement using thermoluminescence method; health monitoring indicators, including blood, chromosomal aberrations, eye crystals and so on. ANOVA, χ2 test and GLMUni-variate procedure (SPSS13.0) were used to compare the differences between groups. Results The average annual dose of male was (0.76 ± 0.65) mSv and that of female was (0.75 ± 0.64) mSv. There was no significant difference between the two groups (F = 0.136, P = 0.712). The number of women with low white blood cells, low platelets, high red blood cell counts and high hemoglobin and the prevalence were 30 (11.2%), 45 (16.9%), 4 (1.5%) and 3 (1.1% 4.1%), 147 (18.7%), 64 (8.2%) and 115 (14.6%), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in gender, gender and sex among the above three indicators (χ2 test, P <0.01) By stratified by sex, no differences in distribution of various health indicators (erythrocyte, leukocyte, platelet count, hemoglobin and chromosome aberration) among the dose groups were observed (covariance analysis and Chi-square test, P> 0.05). Conclusions The health effects of this population are not only the excitement and adaptation effects of low-dose radiation, but also the cumulative damage effects of radiation. Women are sensitive to radiation adverse effects and blood indicators are sensitive indicators of the health effects of radiation.