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目的探讨人参皂苷Rg2对东莨菪碱诱导阿尔茨海默病小鼠学习记忆力的影响及可能的作用机制。方法昆明小鼠60只随机分为正常对照组(等体积生理盐水)、模型组(东莨菪碱4mg/kg)、多奈哌齐组(多奈哌齐3mg/kg+东莨菪碱4mg/kg)和人参皂苷Rg2低剂量组(人参皂苷Rg2 2.5 mg/kg+东莨菪碱4 mg/kg)、中剂量组(人参皂苷Rg25.0mg/kg+东莨菪碱4mg/kg)和高剂量组(人参皂苷Rg2 10.0mg/kg+东莨菪碱4mg/kg),每组10只。采用Morris水迷宫评价人参皂苷Rg2对小鼠学习记忆的影响;第11天测试结束处死小鼠,采用ELISA法检测4组小鼠海马和前脑皮层乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetyl cholinesterase,AChE)、乙酰胆碱转移酶(choline acetyl transferase,ChAT)活性和乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,ACh)的含量。结果与模型组比较,人参皂苷Rg2低、中、高剂量组和多奈哌齐组小鼠定位航行实验逃避潜伏期缩短,小鼠穿越平台次数增加,有效区域滞留时间和游泳路程缩短(P<0.05);多奈哌齐组[(17.4±1.1)、(8.7±0.2)u/mg]、人参皂苷Rg2低剂量组[(21.6±0.3)、(8.6±0.3)u/mg]、中剂量组[(17.4±0.8)、(8.5±0.3)u/mg]、高剂量组[(15.8±0.4)、(8.0±0.3)u/mg]海马和前脑皮层中AChE活性均低于模型组[(23.2±1.2)、(10.2±0.8)u/mg](P<0.05);多奈哌齐组[(13.5±0.8)、(58.1±0.6)mg/g]、人参皂苷Rg2低剂量组[(13.0±0.8)、(47.7±1.0)mg/g]、中剂量组[(14.8±0.8)、(50.0±1.1)mg/g]、高剂量组[(14.5±0.8)、(53.2±2.5)mg/g]海马和前脑皮层中ACh水平均高于模型组[(8.6±0.4)、(35.9±1.2)mg/g](P<0.05);多奈哌齐组[(6.3±0.3)、(3.4±0.3)u/mg]、人参皂苷Rg2低剂量组[(4.7±0.4)、(3.0±0.2)u/mg]、中剂量组[(5.9±0.2)、(3.5±0.1)u/mg]、高剂量组[(6.2±0.6)、(3.3±0.2)u/mg]海马和前脑皮层中ChAT活性均高于模型组[(3.4±0.3)、(2.7±0.4)u/mg](P<0.05)。结论人参皂苷Rg2对东莨菪碱诱导的阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠的学习记忆功能有显著的改善作用,其机制可能与抑制小鼠海马和前脑皮层AChE活性,提高ChAT活性和ACh含量有关。
Objective To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg2 on learning and memory of mice with Alzheimer’s disease induced by scopolamine and its possible mechanism. Methods Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group (scopolamine 4 mg / kg), donepezil group (donepezil 3 mg / kg + scopolamine 4 mg / kg) and ginsenoside Rg2 low dose group (Ginsenoside Rg25.0mg / kg + scopolamine 4mg / kg) and high dose group (ginsenoside Rg2 10.0mg / kg + scopolamine 4mg / kg) . Morris water maze was used to evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Rg2 on learning and memory of mice. At the end of the 11th day, the mice were killed and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and acetylcholine Activity of choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) and content of acetylcholine (ACh). Results Compared with the model group, the mice in the low, medium and high dose ginsenoside Rg2 groups and the donepezil group had shorter escape latency, more mice crossing the platform, shorter residence time and swimming distance in the effective area (P <0.05) Group [(17.4 ± 1.1), (8.7 ± 0.2) u / mg], low dose of ginsenoside Rg2 [(21.6 ± 0.3), (8.6 ± 0.3) , (8.5 ± 0.3) u / mg] and AChE activity in hippocampus and forebrain cortex [(15.8 ± 0.4) and (8.0 ± 0.3) u / (10.2 ± 0.8) u / mg] (P <0.05), donepezil group [(13.5 ± 0.8), (58.1 ± 0.6) mg / g] and ginsenoside Rg2 low dose group [(13.0 ± 0.8) (14.5 ± 0.8) and (53.2 ± 2.5) mg / g] in the high dose group [(14.8 ± 0.8) and (50.0 ± 1.1) mg / g] The level of ACh in the cortex was higher than that in the model group [(8.6 ± 0.4), (35.9 ± 1.2) mg / g], respectively (P <0.05) (4.7 ± 0.4) and (3.0 ± 0.2) u / mg for the low dose Ginsenoside Rg2 group, (5.9 ± 0.2) and (3.5 ± 0.1) u / mg for the middle dose group and 6.2 ± 0.6), (3.3 ± 0.2) u / mg] hippocampus and forebrain ChAT activity was higher than that in the model group [(3.4 ± 0.3), (2.7 ± 0.4) u / mg] (P <0.05). Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg2 can significantly improve the learning and memory function of scopolamine-induced Alzheimer’s disease in mice. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of AChE activity and the increase of ChAT activity and ACh content in hippocampus and forebrain cortex of mice.