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中药乌梢蛇的鉴别主要是依据蛇的外观特征，由于同科的某些蛇外观与乌梢蛇相似，以其干燥全体或加工成寸段的假乌梢蛇，真伪难辨。笔者着重对乌梢蛇及其伪品灰鼠蛇、玉斑锦蛇、水赤链游蛇的鳞片进行了光学显微及扫描电镜鉴别研究，结果表明乌梢蛇鳞片的特征与伪品有相似处，但形状、颜色、纹理在扫描电镜下的细微结构有显著差异，可作为鉴别真伪乌梢蛇的依据。
The identification of Chinese medicinal black snakes is mainly based on the appearance characteristics of snakes. Because the appearance of some snakes in the same family is similar to that of black snakes, it is difficult to discern whether the fake black snakes are dry or processed into inches. The author focused on the optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the scales of black snakes and their counterfeit squirrel snakes, korea scoparias, and red snakes. The results show that the characteristics of black snakes are similar to those of counterfeits. However, there are significant differences in the fine structure of the shape, color, and texture under scanning electron microscopy, which can be used as the basis for authenticating the snakes.