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一、问题的提出本世纪以来,许多心理学家对企业、学校及军队等单位领导者的领导作风进行了大量研究。美国心理学家勒温(Lewin)等人首先研究了这一问题,他们将领导作风分为专制、民主、放任三种类型,结果表明:放任型的领导其群体成员工作效率最低,他所领导的群体在工作中只达到了社交目标,没有达到工作目标;专制型的领导,虽然通过严格管理使群体达到工作目标,但群体成员的消极态度和对抗情绪也在不断增长;民主型的领导工作效率最高,他所领导的群体不但达到了工作目标,而且群体成员也达到了社交目标,成员表现得成熟,有创造性。
I. PROBLEM PROPOSALS Since the beginning of this century, many psychologists have done a lot of research on the leadership style of business leaders such as enterprises, schools and the military. The American psychologist Lewin et al. First studied this issue. They divided the leadership style into three types: autocracy, democracy, and laissez-faire. The results showed that: the laissez-faire leadership has the lowest working efficiency among its group members; The group only achieved social goals in the work, did not achieve the goal of work; despotic leadership, although through strict management to achieve the group goals, but the negative attitude of the group members and antagonism is also growing; democratic leadership efficiency Highest, he led the group not only reached the goal, but also reached a group of social goals, members of the performance of mature and creative.