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通过一系列的田间试验,研究了淮北变性土区夏玉米对氮、磷、钾的响应特点。结果表明:(1)玉米对氮肥反应十分敏感,施氮有极为显著的增产效果,一般可增产1倍以上。氮肥最佳用量在300 kg hm-2左右,分配比例以基肥和追肥各占50%的增产效果较好。氮肥追施时以“开穴深施”为宜,可提高其利用率;(2)玉米对钾肥反应较敏感,施钾一般增产15%左右,效果显著。钾肥适宜用量为90~180 kg hm-2,而且以基肥施入为宜;(3)玉米对磷肥反应不敏感,施磷增产效果不显著,但玉米仍表现为氮磷钾配合时产量最高。因此,提出“增氮、节磷、补钾”的玉米施肥原则。
Through a series of field experiments, the response characteristics of summer maize to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the degeneration area of Huaibei were studied. The results showed that: (1) Corn is very sensitive to nitrogenous fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer has a very significant yield increase effect, generally it can increase yield by more than one time. The optimum amount of nitrogen fertilizer was about 300 kg hm-2, and the proportion of basal fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer accounted for 50% of the yield increasing effect. Nitrogen topdressing to “open deep” is appropriate, can increase its utilization rate; (2) corn is more sensitive to the potassium fertilizer, potassium yield generally about 15%, the effect is significant. Appropriate amount of potash fertilizer was 90-180 kg hm-2, and basal fertilizer application was appropriate. (3) Maize was insensitive to phosphate fertilizer and had no obvious effect on increasing yield of phosphorus. However, corn still showed the highest yield when combined with NPK. Therefore, put forward the “increase nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium” principle of corn fertilization.