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农田基础地力提升对于减施肥料和作物稳产高产有着重大现实意义,该文依托潮土长期定位试验,采用DSSAT(decision support system for agro-technology transfer)模型分析了长期不同施肥条件下冬小麦农田基础地力的演变规律及其影响因素。结果表明,不同施肥显著影响冬小麦的农田基础地力产量,18a连续施用氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、NPK配施有机肥(NPKM)、高量NPK配施有机肥(1.5NPKM)和NPK配施秸秆还田(NPKS)的农田基础地力均得到提升,其基础地力产量分别增加了721、1033、2108和1306kg/hm2,增长率分别为29.6%、42.4%、86.6%和53.7%,平均每年提高1.6%、2.4%、4.8%和3.0%,其中以1.5NPKM处理更能有效提高冬小麦农田基础地力产量。1991-2008年冬小麦的基础地力贡献率在36.5%～70.9%,各处理18a年均基础地力贡献率分别为42.5%、59.9%、58.9%和52.5%,大小顺序为NPKM>1.5NPKM>NPKS>NPK,说明有机肥或秸秆与化肥配施比单施化肥更能有效提高农田基础地力产量及地力贡献率。基础地力贡献率与土壤全钾、全磷含量无显著相关性,与土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均达到了极显著相关,其中有机碳和全氮与基础地力贡献率相关度最高,说明土壤有机碳和全氮是潮土区基础地力的主要影响因素,是潮土区基础地力的主要评价指标。
Based on the long-term positioning test of soils, DSSAT (model of decision support system for agro-technology transfer) was used to analyze the effects of long-term fertilization on the basic ground force of winter wheat farmland The law of evolution and its influencing factors. The results showed that different fertilization significantly affected the yield of winter wheat under basic fertility, and the continuous application of NPK, NPK combined with organic fertilizer (NPKM), high NPK with organic fertilizer (1.5NPKM) and NPK The basic land productivity of NPKS was also increased, and its basic productivity increased by 721,1033,2108 and 1306kg / hm2 respectively, with the growth rates of 29.6%, 42.4%, 86.6% and 53.7% respectively, with an average annual increase of 1.6 %, 2.4%, 4.8% and 3.0%, respectively, of which 1.5NPKM treatment can more effectively improve the winter wheat field basic productivity. The contribution rates of basic ground fertility of winter wheat from 1991 to 2008 ranged from 36.5% to 70.9%, and the contribution rates of basic ground fertility were 42.5%, 59.9%, 58.9% and 52.5%, respectively, and the order of NPKM> 1.5NPKM> NPKS> NPK, indicating that organic manure or straw and fertilizer application than single chemical fertilizer can effectively improve the yield of basic farmland and contribution to the contribution of soil. There was no significant correlation between the contribution rate of basic geomechanics and the content of total potassium and total phosphorus in soil, and extremely significant correlations with soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, of which organic carbon and total nitrogen were The contribution of soil fertility is the highest, which indicates that soil organic carbon and total nitrogen are the main influencing factors of the basic soil force in the tidal zone, and are the main evaluation indexes of the basic soil force in the tidal zone.