The immersion corrosion of archaeological iron in solution (0.06mol·L-1 NaCl+0.03mol·L-1 Na2SO4+ 0.01mol·L-1 NaHCO3) simulating soil water composition was presented.The evolution of archaeological iron from iron to iron oxide and to iron oxy-hydroxides compounds was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.According to the morphology, phase composition, and transformation process, the contributions of each corrosion product to archaeological iron were discussed.