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基于经济效益和电压约束，综合考虑并联电容器、分布式电源、主变分接头、弱环网等因素的影响，提出一种实用的配电网无功规划三次优化解析算法：在近似满足电压约束的基础上，一次优化按逐次单节点净收益最大为目标初步确定补偿节点数量、位置及其容量；考虑到各补偿位置和容量的相互影响，二次优化对一次优化初始解进行迭代修正计算；三次优化对二次优化的结果采用交流潮流校验电压并作进一步的优化微调。该算法不需事先人工指定候选电容器补偿位置，可以在保证工程计算精度的同时大幅提高计算速度，特别适用于大规模配电系统的无功规划优化。经对多个IEEE 算例和实际系统的计算分析，验证了所提算法的高效性和稳定性。“,”Based on net economic benefit and voltage constraints, a practical three-stage analytical algorithm for reactive power planning optimization of distribution networks is proposed, where medium/low voltage capacitors, main transformer taps, DGs and weakly meshed networks are taken into account. Based on approximate voltage constraints and maximum net benefit of a single node, the first-stage optimization is to find initial number, locations and sizes of shunt capacitors. The second-stage optimization is to make correction of initial solution from the first-stage optimization with mutual influence of capacitors’ locations and sizes considered. The third-stage optimization is to perform ac power flow analysis and further optimization based on the second-stage optimization. The proposed algorithm is particularly suitable for reactive power planning optimization of large-scale systems, because upper limits and total number of candidate compensation nodes are unnecessary beforehand for gaining satisfactory calculation accuracy and much less execution time. Effectiveness and stability of the algorithm are verified with several IEEE standard test systems and real distribution networks.