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自20世纪80年代以来,对隐喻加工机制的探索产生了三种影响较大的理论模型:范畴涵括论、结构映射论和概念隐喻理论。本文首先简要介绍这三种模型,然后结合汉语文学作品中的隐喻句分析三者的解释力。研究表明,大脑中不仅存在对事物本身属性的认识,还包括事物间相互关系的认识,同时大脑还具备对事物进行深层次抽象概括的能力。范畴涵括论适合于解释有关事物本身属性的比喻,结构映射论则适合于解释事物关系的隐喻,而概念隐喻则是在更深认知层面对隐喻现象的描述。此外,随着隐喻规约化程度的加深,其加工方式也会更多地从结构映射转化为范畴涵括的方式。三者是互补而不是矛盾的关系。
Since the 1980s, three kinds of influential theoretical models have been explored into the processing mechanism of metaphor: categorical inclusion theory, structural mapping theory and conceptual metaphor theory. This article first briefly introduces these three models, and then analyzes the explanatory power of the three by combining the metaphorical sentences in Chinese literary works. Research shows that not only does the brain have an understanding of the properties of things themselves, but also the understanding of the interrelationships among things, and the ability of the brain to abstract abstracted things in depth. Categorical Categorization is suitable for explaining the metaphor of the nature of things, and the structure mapping theory is suitable for explaining the metaphor of things, while conceptual metaphor is the description of metaphorical phenomena at a deeper level of cognition. In addition, with the deepening of the degree of the standardization of metaphor, the processing methods will also be more transformed from the structure of the map into the categories covered by the way. The three are complementary but not contradictory.