目的探讨逆行性种植体周围炎(RPI)的病因及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1例RPI再植成功的临床资料,并进行相关文献复习。结果患者因右下后牙长期缺失要求种植修复,经检查诊断为6┐慢性根尖周炎及7┐牙体缺失,对患者6┐行根管治疗,7┐行种植体微创植入术。术后2个月,右下颌种植牙松动,种植区轻微跳痛,对患者行保守治疗。术后3个月,种植牙松动无明显好转,在局部麻醉下取出7┐种植体,种植窝内溢出少许脓液,刮净窝内肉芽,冲洗植体窝至窝内冲洗液清亮,置入碘纺纱条,等待植体窝愈合。取出植体3个月后复诊,7┐植体窝愈合良好,再次行种植体常规植入术。3个月后,二期切开接愈合基台,1周后取模成功冠修复。结论实施种植牙手术前,必须对受植区邻牙进行牙髓活力和X射线检测,全面检查其牙髓、牙周及根尖情况,可减少RPI的发生率。 Objective To investigate the etiology and treatment of retrograde peri-implantitis (RPI). Methods The clinical data of 1 case of replantation of RPI were retrospectively analyzed and the related literatures were reviewed. Results The patient was required to have a long-term defect of right lower posterior teeth for implant repair. After diagnosis, chronic periapical periodontitis and 7┐ tooth loss were diagnosed. The patients underwent root canal treatment of 6┐ and mini-invasive implants of 7┐ . At 2 months after operation, the right mandibular implant was loose and the plantation area had a slight pain and tenderness. The patients underwent conservative treatment. At 3 months after operation, there was no obvious improvement in implanting looseness, and 7 cm implants were removed under local anesthesia. A small amount of pus was spilled out of the socket and the granulation was flushed out of the socket. Iodized yarn, waiting for implant heal. Three months after removal of the implant, follow-up was performed. The 7th implant was healed well, and the implant was implanted again. After 3 months, the second phase of incision healed abutment, a week after successful crown repair model. Conclusion Before dental implants can be operated on, dental pulp vitality and X-ray examination of the adjacent teeth in the implanted area must be carried out. The condition of the pulp, periodontal and apexes of the implants should be examined thoroughly to reduce the incidence of RPI.