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安全例外是GATT/WTO法律体系中一个十分重要而特殊的例外。为了在维护各国的基本安全利益与防止对安全例外的滥用之间达成平衡,WTO安全例外条款一方面赋予援引该例外的成员很大的自由裁量权,另一方面试图将援引限制在几种特定情形下。冷战结束以来,网络安全等非传统安全事项的日益突出,对WTO安全例外条款提出了新的挑战。应当采取“疏导”和“围堵”并用的策略,将非传统安全事项纳入该条款中“基本安全利益”的范围,同时为该条款确立若干底线,防止该条款被过度扩大解释和滥用。中国在处理网络安全审查制度等问题时,宜本着“恪守善意、适度突破”的原则来推动该条款的发展。
Security exceptions are a very important and exceptional exception to the GATT / WTO legal system. In order to strike a balance between safeguarding the basic security interests of States and preventing the abuse of security exceptions, the WTO security exception provision, on the one hand, gives great discretion to the members invoking the exception and on the other hand attempts to limit the quotations to several specific Situation. Since the end of the Cold War, non-traditional security issues such as cybersecurity have become increasingly prominent, posing new challenges to the WTO security exception clauses. We should adopt a strategy of “diverting” and “encirclement” to include non-traditional security issues in the section of “basic security interests” and establish a number of bases for the section to prevent the section from being overstated Expand interpretation and abuse. When handling issues such as the network security review system, China should promote the development of this clause in line with the principle of “abiding by goodwill and making a modest breakthrough”.