不完全竞争与策略性贸易政策 进入国际交易的大多数商品均由不完全竞争的产业所生产。这些产业之所以竞争不完全,是因为厂商水平的规模经济足以限制竞争者的数目。 但是寡头对于贸易政策意味着什么?传统的,并且依然重要的观点是,不完全竞争强化了自由贸易势态。贸易促进竞争;因此它既减少了垄断扭曲,又刺激了产业合理化。贸易在增进竞 Imperfect competition and tactical trade policies Most of the goods that enter international transactions are produced by imperfectly competing industries. The reason why these industries are not competitive is because the economies of scale at the manufacturer level are sufficient to limit the number of competitors. But what does the oligopoly mean for trade policy? The traditional and still important point is that imperfect competition reinforces the free trade situation. Trade promotes competition; therefore it reduces both monopoly distortions and stimulates rationalization of the industry. Trade is increasing