面对一些西方国家“人权外交”的挑战和中西方人权观存在诸多分歧的客观现实,文章从方法论原则和方法两个层面上考察了分歧的历史观方法论根源。在方法论原则层面上,文章认为,对科学认识方法与价值认识方法的关系问题的不同回答是区别唯物史观方法论原则与人本史观方法论原则的分水岭;关于分歧的方法根源,文章将其概括为:历史主义方法与逻辑主义方法、集体主义方法与个体主义方法、客观主义方法与主观主义方法、现实主义方法与理想主义方法等等。这些方法是中西方学者在唯物史观和人本史观方法论原则的指导下,在研究人权起源的历史性与逻辑性、人权主体的集体性与个体性、人权内容的客观性与选择性、人权实现的制约 Faced with the challenges of “human rights diplomacy” in Western countries and the objective reality of many disagreements between the Chinese and Western human rights perspectives, this essay examines the root causes of disagreements on the concept of history from the perspective of methodological principles and methods. On the principle of methodology, the article holds that the different answers to the questions about the relationship between the methods of scientific understanding and the methods of value recognition are the watershed which distinguish the methodological principle of materialist conception of history from the methodological principle of humanistic view of history. The article summarizes the methodological sources of disagreement As follows: the method of historicism and logicism, the method of collectivism and individualism, the method of objectivism and subjectivism, the method of realism and the method of idealism and so on. These methods, under the guidance of the methodological principles of materialism and humanistic concept of history, are the historical and logical aspects of the origin of human rights, the collective and individual nature of human rights bodies, the objectivity and selectivity of human rights content, Constraints to the realization of human rights