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2011年在山东海阳,2013年在蓬莱和栖霞选取当地常规管理的苹果园,采用传统组织分离法对套袋苹果、未套袋苹果的果实表皮及心部组织进行真菌分离并进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定。对不同时期采集的套袋及未套袋果实表皮与心部的真菌种类、菌落数量、组织分离率、多样性、相似性系数、相对分离频率等指标进行统计分析。结果表明,两个年度内从果实表皮共分离获得真菌43属,从心部获得真菌31属,相对分离频率较高的真菌包括:链格孢Alternaria spp.、枝状枝孢Cladosporium cladosporioides、镰孢菌Fusarium spp.、青霉菌Penicillium spp.等。研究结果表明:果实套袋后,在果实表皮定殖真菌的种类减少,多样性降低,而数量增加,组织带菌率升高;随果实生长,套袋果实表皮上的真菌种类与未套袋果实表皮真菌种类的相似度逐渐降低;7、8月份,套袋果实表皮上真菌种类明显减少,至8月底,套袋果实表面只有链格孢等少数几种优势真菌定殖。果实套袋后,定殖于果实心部的真菌种类和数量有所波动,套袋果和未套袋果上所分离真菌的相似度有所降低;5月底自果实心部分离真菌的种类和数量与9月底所分离真菌的种类和数量差异不大。
In 2011, in Haiyang, Shandong Province, a locally managed apple orchard in Penglai and Qixia was selected in 2013 to isolate the epidermal and heart tissues of bagged apples and un-applested apples by morphological and histological methods Molecular biology identification. Fungi species, number of colonies, tissue isolation rate, diversity, similarity coefficient, relative frequency of separation and other indicators of the epidermis and the heart of bagged and unbagged fruits collected in different periods were statistically analyzed. The results showed that 43 fungi were isolated from the epidermis of epicarp and 31 fungi were isolated from the epicarp of the fruit in the two years. Alternaria spp., Alternaria spp., Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. And the like. The results showed that: After bagging fruit, the number of colonization fungi in the epidermis decreased, the diversity decreased, while the number increased, the rate of banding increased. With the growth of fruits, the fungus species on the epidermis of bagged fruits were similar to those of unaggregated fruits The similarity of epidermal fungi gradually decreased. In July and August, the number of fungi on the epidermis of bagged fruit significantly decreased. By the end of August, only a few dominant fungi such as Alternaria alternata were colonized on the surface of bagged fruit. After fruit bagging, the species and quantity of fungi colonized in the fruit core fluctuated. The similarity of the fungi isolated from the bagged fruit and the non-bagged fruit decreased. From the end of May, There is not much difference between the number and the kinds and numbers of fungi isolated by the end of September.