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目的了解中职学校中社会弱势群体子女的心理健康状况,为制定相应的干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,在广州市6所中职学校中选取1 918名在校生进行家庭情况调查和心理健康测量,比较社会弱势群体子女与非弱势群体子女及广州市常模心理健康水平的差异。结果共筛选出弱势群体子女583名,占30.4%。社会弱势群体子女心理健康各量表得分与广州市中职学生常模差异均无统计学意义,在情绪量表上得分低于非弱势群体子女,差异有统计学意义(t=2.34,P<0.05)。社会弱势群体子女心理健康水平城乡差别无统计学意义,男生的人际关系和学习心理健康水平均高于女生(t值分别为-2.23,-2.09,P值均<0.05)。社会弱势群体中,农民工子女学习心理健康水平低于非弱势群体,残疾或重大疾病群体子女情绪和人际关系健康水平低于非弱势群体(P值均<0.05)。结论中职学校社会弱势群体子女心理健康水平与广州中职学生的整体水平一致,部分弱势群体子女情绪和人际关系问题较为突出。
Objective To understand the mental health status of children from disadvantaged groups in secondary vocational schools and provide the basis for making corresponding interventions. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select 1 918 school-age students from 6 vocational schools in Guangzhou to conduct family situation surveys and mental health measurements. The comparison was made between the children of underprivileged groups and the children of non-vulnerable groups and the prevalence of norm in Guangzhou The difference. Results A total of 583 children were selected from vulnerable groups, accounting for 30.4%. There was no significant difference between the scales of mental health of children in social vulnerable groups and the norm of Guangzhou vocational school students, and the scores on emotional scale were lower than those of non-vulnerable groups (t = 2.34, P < 0.05). The level of mental health of children in disadvantaged groups in urban and rural areas was not statistically significant. The interpersonal relationship and mental health of boys were higher than that of girls (t = -2.23, -2.09, P <0.05 respectively). Among the social disadvantaged groups, migrant workers’ children have lower level of mental health education than non-vulnerable groups and children with disability or major diseases have lower emotional and interpersonal relationships than non-vulnerable groups (all P <0.05). Conclusion The mental health of children from disadvantaged groups in secondary vocational schools is consistent with the overall level of students in secondary vocational schools in Guangzhou. The problems of emotional and interpersonal relationships among children from some disadvantaged groups are prominent.