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使地壳产生变形的应力作用共有四类,即挤压、拉张、剪切和升降作用.其中拉张作用形成的裂谷构造是全球范围性的,其规模并不亚于挤压型构造.由于它们大多数是油气生成和聚集的场所,广大石油地质工作者愈来愈加重视研究这类构造.本文试图从板块构造观点讨论裂谷构造的形成、演化和油气分布.二、裂谷构造的形成和演化裂谷构造的形成与区域引张作用有关.在威尔逊旋回的各个阶段和各种不同的板块构造环境中,均可以见到这类裂谷的形成.它们是:1.与大陆裂开和漂移作用有关的裂谷;2.与俯冲作用有关的弧后裂谷;3.与大陆碰撞作用有关的裂谷.
There are four types of stress acting on the crust, that is, extrusion, tension, shearing and ascending and descending, of which the rift structure formed by tension is global in scope and no less than the size of the extruded structure. Since most of them are places where oil and gas are generated and gathered, the majority of petroleum geologists pay more and more attention to the study of such structures.This paper attempts to discuss the formation, evolution and oil and gas distribution of rift structures from the plate tectonic point of view. Formation and Evolution The formation of rift tectonics is related to the regional extension, and the formation of such rifts can be seen in all stages of the Wilson cycle and in various tectonic settings. They are: Rift and drift related rifting; 2. Post-arc backflush associated with subduction; 3. Rift associated with continental collision.