随着“家庭承包责任制”的实施与推广,内蒙古大部分农牧区从20世纪80年代中期开始,经历了牲畜和草场分到户的“草畜承包”活动。在承包政策的引导下,草原牧民开始定居定牧,形成了以户为生产单位的碎片化生产模式。草畜承包的政策初衷是通过产权私有化实现公平和经济增长,然而自从承包以后,牧民遇到了生产成本增加、草场退化、邻里矛盾加剧等困惑。本研究以内蒙古东部的特村为例,试图阐释这种分散经营模式给草原牧民带来的困境与他们为了维持生产而采取的生态保护措施。本研究发现,为了避免自家草场的过度退化,特村牧民主动采取了外租草场和内建围栏的措施:他们通过外租草场控制自家草场的载畜量,以维持日常生产,通过内建围栏保留了一片“生态型草场”。这是他们面对日益退化的草原,主动采取的一种封禁式生态保护措施。在此基础上,本文从“草畜承包”的产权私有化角度,对其草原牧区的适应性作了简单的探讨。 With the implementation and promotion of “household contract responsibility system”, most of the agricultural and pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia started their activities of grazing livestock and pasture from the mid-1980s onwards. Under the guidance of the contracting policy, grassland herdsmen began to settle and set up herdsmen and formed a fragmented production model with households as production units. However, since the contracting, pastoralists encountered confusion such as increased production costs, deteriorating grasslands and intensified neighborhood conflicts. Taking the special village in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia as an example, this study attempts to explain the predicament brought by this decentralized management model to pastoral herdsmen and their ecological protection measures in order to maintain production. The study found that in order to avoid over-degradation of their own pastures, special village pastoralists take the initiative to take out rent grassland and built-fence measures: they rent grassland to control the carrying capacity of their own pasture to maintain daily production, through the built-in fence Keep a “eco-type pasture ”. This is a banned ecological protection initiative that they take on their own initiative in face of the deteriorating grasslands. On this basis, this paper makes a simple discussion on the adaptability of grassland and pasture from the perspective of privatization of property right of grass-livestock contract.