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目的了解某铅酸蓄电池生产企业多年来频发职业性铅中毒的原因,探讨有效措施降低铅中毒的发病率。方法对某铅酸蓄电池生产企业进行职业病危害因素检测,对通风设施进行评价与改造。结果该企业原作业场所铅监测点的超标率为62.9%,最高点超标207倍;工种的超标率为64.6%,最高超标139倍;通风不良的排风口占72.0%,主要是通风管道堵塞或破损,造成控制风速不达标。对原有通风设施进行重新疏通,更换排铅烟管道,更新铅尘除尘器的过滤袋。改造后作业场所铅监测点的超标率下降为13.2%,最高浓度超标5倍。企业铅中毒新发病例数由每年17例下降为每年3例。结论该企业由于通风系统维护不当造成作业场所空气中铅浓度严重超标,导致铅中毒发病率较高,对通风系统改造后,作业场所铅浓度明显改善,铅中毒患者减少。
Objective To understand the causes of occupational lead poisoning among lead-acid battery manufacturers over the years and to explore effective measures to reduce the incidence of lead poisoning. Methods To test occupational hazards of a lead-acid battery manufacturer and to evaluate and reform ventilation facilities. Results The over-standard rate of lead monitoring point in the original workplace was 62.9% and the highest point exceeded 207 times. The over-standard rate of work-type was 64.6% and the highest level exceeded 139 times. The poorly ventilated vents accounted for 72.0% Damage, resulting in control of wind speed is not up to standard. Re-dredge the original ventilation facilities, replace the exhaust pipe, and update the filter bag of lead dust precipitator. After the transformation of the workplace lead monitoring point exceeded the rate dropped to 13.2%, the highest concentration exceeded 5 times. The number of newly diagnosed lead poisoning cases dropped from 17 cases per year to 3 cases per year. Conclusion Due to improper ventilation system, lead concentration in the workplace air exceeded the standard seriously. This led to a high incidence of lead poisoning. After the ventilation system was reformed, lead concentration in the workplace was significantly improved and lead poisoning was reduced.