西班牙是欧洲大陆植物种类最多的国家。全国森林面积有1428.3万公顷,其中针叶林有667.5万公顷,其余为阔叶林。森林覆盖率为24％。西班牙的森林经历了破坏——发展的历程。公元3世纪,西班牙还到处密布着苍翠的森林。可是到了上世纪末,随着人口增加、农牧业的开发和战乱的破坏,西班牙森林已减少到500万公顷,只占国土面积的10％了。森林的严重破坏,造成了水土流失,洪水灾害频繁。人们从沉痛的教训中认识到植树造林的重要性。1908年,政府颁布《保护森林和营造人工林的指令》,1938年确立了营造1000万公顷人工林的长期战略目标,计划把全国40％的宜林地改造成人工林地。从1940年起,开始执行营造人工林的计划,到1984年,大 Spain is the largest plant species in continental Europe. There are 14.283 million hectares of forest in the country, of which 667.5 million hectares are coniferous forests and the rest are broad-leaved forests. Forest coverage is 24%. The Spanish forests have undergone destruction-the course of development. In the third century AD, Spain is full of lush forests. However, by the end of the last century, with the population growth, the development of agriculture and animal husbandry and the destruction of the war, the forest area of ​​Spain has been reduced to 5 million hectares, accounting for only 10% of the land area. Serious damage to forests has resulted in soil erosion and flood disasters. From the painful lesson, people realize the importance of afforestation. In 1908, the government promulgated the Directive on the Protection of Forests and the Construction of Plantations. In 1938, the long-term strategic goal of creating 10 million hectares of planted forests was established. It is planned to transform 40% of the country’s forests into planted forests. Since 1940, the plan to create plantations began to be implemented by 1984